Credit card frauds are increasing day by day regardless of the various techniques developed for its detection. Fraudsters are so expert that they engender new ways for committing fraudulent transactions each day which demands constant innovation for its detection techniques as well. Many techniques based on Artificial Intelligence, Data mining, Fuzzy logic, Machine learning, Sequence Alignment,...

This Appendix contains an overview of debt collection technologies in the U.S. and its recent evolution. In the first section we summarize how debt is collected in the U.S. Section 2 focuses on collection technology and its recent evolution. The last section describes the data sources used in the analysis. 1 Overview of the Debt Collection Process in the US We briefly describe the debt collecti...

expert systems can help to build banks customers' credit scoring models. here, selection of key features of the credit scoring is important. also, it is possible to express the features values as fuzzy. the problem is how to improve features selection by genetic algorithm, in way that these features can be employed as input in fuzzy expert system. this paper presents a hybrid credit scorin...

the study was designed to investigate the comparative analysis of agricultural credit users and non-users among cassava farmers in ohafia local government area of abia state. a sample of 50 credit users and 50 non-credit user cassava-based farmers were selected by multistage random sampling technique. data were collected with a well structured questionnaire administered to a total of 100 random...

We prove results relating to the exit time of a stochastic process from a region in N -dimensional space. We compute certain stochastic integrals involving the exit time. Taking a Gaussian copula model for the hitting time behavior, we prove several results on the sensitivity of quantities connected with the hitting times to parameters of the model, as well as the large-N behavior. We discuss t...

the issuing of credit cards by banks and other financial and credit institutions is a new experience in iran. the compatibility of credit cards with islamic rules and islamic banking and establishment of a legal structure for maintaining security for such cards, avoiding frauds and settling relating disputes is one of the most challenging issues of the iranian legislation. as the issuance and u...

The paper examines peculiarities of manifestation unfair behavior by the banks as specific subjects an offense. author concludes that at present stage banking activities are being transformed due to emergence ecosystems, digitalization activities, concentration big customer data inbanks and a high-risk nature for customers. In this regard, new practices emerging. substantiates creation other le...

Financial innovations are a common explanation for the rise in credit card debt and bankruptcies. To evaluate this story, we develop a simple model that incorporates two key frictions: asymmetric information about borrowers’ risk of default and a fixed cost of developing each contract lenders offer. Innovations that ameliorate asymmetric information or reduce this fixed cost have large extensiv...

To behave adaptively, we must learn from the consequences of our actions. Doing so is difficult when the consequences of an action follow a delay. This introduces the problem of temporal credit assignment. When feedback follows a sequence of decisions, how should the individual assign credit to the intermediate actions that comprise the sequence? Research in reinforcement learning provides 2 ge...