Researchers sometimes aggregate data, such as combining resident data into state-level means. Doing so can sometimes cause valid individual-level data to be invalid at the group level. We focus on cross-race misaggregation, which can occur when individual-level data are confounded with race. We discuss such misaggregation in the context of Simpson’s Paradox and identify four diagnostic indicato...

We discuss the possible detection of a stochastic background of massive, nonrelativistic scalar particles, through the cross correlation of the two LIGO interferometers in the initial, enhanced and advanced configuration. If the frequency corresponding to the mass of the scalar field lies in the detector sensitivity band, and the non-relativistic branch of the spectrum gives a significant contr...

Research on human action has extensively covered controlled and automatic processes in the transformation of stimulus information into motor action, and how conflict between both types of processes is solved. However, the question of how automatic stimulus-response (S-R) translation per se depends on top-down control states remains unanswered. The present study addressed this issue by manipulat...

A new approach for frequency analysis of recorded signals and readout the frequency of harmonics is presented in the paper. The main purpose has been achieved by the cross-correlation function and Hilbert transform. Using the method presented in the paper, there is another possibility to observe and finally to identify single harmonic apart from commonly used Fourier transform. Identification o...

Background Following the tenets of world polity and innovation diffusion theories, I focus on the coercive and mimetic forces that influence the diffusion of mental health policy across nations. International organizations’ mandates influence government behavior. Dependency on external resources, namely foreign aid, also affects governments’ formulation of national policy. And finally, mounting...

This  paper  focuses  on  some  pragmatic  expressions  that  are  characteristic  of  informal  spoken English, their possible equivalents in some other languages, and their use by EFL learners from different  backgrounds.  These  expressions,  called  general  extenders  (e.g.  and  stuff,  or something), are shown to be different from discourse markers and to exhibit variation in form, funct...

With the growth of capital market, the shareholding structure of companies has become more complex. Direct ownership is easily recognizable through companies’ shareholders information, however with the formation of cross shareholding among companies, a kind of indirect and complex shareholding has emerged which is not observable. The primary owners (original owners) can take over other companie...