High spatiotemporal resolution climate data are essential for climate-related impact studies. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used to downscale different regions with regional-specific physics configurations. This study aimed identify robust configurations of the WRF model, especially cumulus parameterization schemes, climatic zones Sudan. We focused on wet season (Ju...

Point cloud is the most fundamental representation of 3D geometric objects. Analyzing and processing point cloud surfaces is important in computer graphics and computer vision. However, most of the existing algorithms for surface analysis require connectivity information. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a mesh structure on point clouds. This task can be simplified with the aid of a parame...

In this study, the inner-core structures of Hurricane Andrew (1992) are explicitly simulated using an improved version of the Penn State–NCAR nonhydrostatic, two-way interactive, movable, triply nested grid mesoscale model (MM5). A modified Betts–Miller cumulus parameterization scheme and an explicit microphysics scheme were used simultaneously to simulate the evolution of the larger-scale flow...

Background: The study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the development potential and the diameter of ovine oocytes. Materials and Methods: Ovaries collected from a local abattoir were transported to the laboratory within 1-3 h of slaughter. The oocytes from follicles (2-6 mm in diameter) were recovered by aspiration and stored in a preincubated (at 38.6 C, 5% CO2 and maxi...

The recently established Cumulus Pricing Scheme (CPS) has turned out to be a novel approach for efficiently charging differentiated Internet services, based on integrating different time-scales into one edge-pricing mechanism. Depending on an initial specification of expected resource requirements, customer and provider negotiate a contract fixing a flat rate charge for QoS delivery. As soon as...

land surface parameterization schemes are one of the most important components in gcm and nwp models. these schemes calculate the exchanges of momentum, mass and energy between land surface and the atmosphere. runoff is one of the important components in the water cycle of the land surface scheme whose parameterization is difficult because of complexity in the processes governing the runoff gen...

This simulation serves us in two ways. First, it acts as further verification for the Level 2.5w convective scheme (the "convective engine" for the MCS parameterization). Second, diagnostic analyses guide us in the parameterization of the mesoscale circulations which comprise the fast (and perhaps some slow) manifold processes of an MCS. The diagnostics include conditional sampling of various q...

Parameterizations that use mesh simplification to build the base domain always adopt the vertex removal scheme. This paper applies edge collapse to constructing the base domain instead. After inducing the parameterization of the original mesh over the base domain, new algorithms map the new vertices in the simplified mesh back to the original one according to the edge transition sequence to int...