a-Chloralose is the standard anesthetic for functional MRI experiments in rats. There are however some disadvantages related to the use of this anesthetic. The most prominent ones are the fluctuating depth of anesthesia due to the slow onset of action, the induced metabolic acidosis and the non-recovery aspect of the experiment. An alternative anesthetic was found that circumvented these proble...

BACKGROUND Pediatric MRI sedation performed by a variety of specialists such as sedationists and anesthesiologists commonly uses propofol, which has similar effects to an ideal sedative agent for maintaining deep sedation. However, when propofol is used, adverse airway events are relatively more common than when using other sedative agents. The concomitant administration of midazolam and propof...

BACKGROUND Electromyographic activity has previously been reported to elevate the Bispectral Index (BIS) in patients not receiving neuromuscular blockade while under sedation in the intensive care unit. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of the decrease of BIS following administration of muscle relaxant in sedated intensive care unit patients. METHODS The authors prospectively inve...

We performed laryngoscopy during deep sedation using propofol in a 29-yr-old female without any comorbidites who was transferred for the evaluation of nocturnal groaning, EDS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale 17 out of 24 points), and exerciseinduced and occasional nocturnal dyspnoea, starting 15 yrs previously. A pulmonological examination, including bronchoscopy, revealed neither asthma nor any steno...

BACKGROUND The combination of propofol-remifentanil for procedural deep sedation in spontaneously breathing patients is characterized by the frequent incidence of side effects, especially respiratory depression. These side effects may be due to either the drug combination or the drug delivery technique. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) might optimize drug delivery. In this prospective, randomiz...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the present review is to focus on the literature in the past year and specifically the development of recent guidelines, the debate on who does the sedation anaesthesia for MRI in a paediatric patient, the use of medications and techniques, and the use of monitors and equipment. RECENT FINDINGS The revised guidelines of American Academy of Pediatrics and Ameri...

BACKGROUND This article examines delicate issues in continuous deep sedation (CDS) from the perspectives of different types of physicians. The following sensitive issues involved in CDS were investigated: artificial hydration, sedation for nonphysical discomfort, the relationship between CDS and euthanasia, and patient involvement in decision making for CDS. METHODS A structured retrospective...

Many studies have documented patients' distressing recollections of the intensive care unit (ICU). The study by van de Leur and colleagues, conducted in a group of surgical ICU patients with moderate severity of sickness, found that the frequency of such unpleasant memories was increased in those able to recall factual information about their stay in the ICU. The study did not include sedation ...

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy is one of the most frequently performed diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children nowadays. METHODS Since the size of endoscopes has been adapted to pediatric patients, endoscopic procedures are performed almost routinely in pediatric gastrointestinal patients. However, this is an invasive procedure done under deep sedation, and procedure-related ...