This paper considers a time dependent(the travel time is not constant throughout the day) pollution routing problem (TDPRP), which aids the decision makers in minimizing travel time, toll cost and emitted pollution cost.  In complexity of urban areas most of the time one point is accessible from another with more than one edge. In contrast to previous TDPRP models, which are designed with only ...

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an important management problem in the field of physical distribution and logistics. Good vehicle routing can not only increase the profit of logistics but also make logistics management more scientific. The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) constrained by the capacity of a vehicle is the extension of VRP. Our research applies a two-phase algorithm ...

Reliable location routing problem considers a location problem and a vehicle routing problem in order to select the optimal location of facilities and at the same time the optimal routes for vehicles considering the unexpected failure for facilities in which, all facilities may fail with a probability. In this paper, a bi-objective mathematical model has been developed to minimize the total cos...

Corrected Miller–Tucker–Zemlin type subtour elimination constraints for the capacitated vehicle routing problem are presented. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.