In this study, the model response in terms of simulated mercury concentration and deposition to boundary condition (BC), initial condition (IC), model grid resolution (12km versus 36km), and two alternative Hg(II) reduction mechanisms, was investigated. The model response to the change of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentration from 0 to 2ngm 3 in IC/BC is found to be very linear (r40.99)...

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has shifted many ecosystems from nitrogen (N) limitation to phosphorus (P) limitation. Although well documented in plants, no study to date has explored whether N deposition exacerbates P limitation at higher trophic levels, or focused on the effects of induced plant P limitation on trophic interactions. Insect herbivores exhibit strict N : P homeostasis, and s...

The bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a potential weapon of bioterrorism when aerosolized. Macrophage infection is necessary for disease progression and efficient phagocytosis by human macrophages requires serum opsonization by complement. Microbial complement activation leads to surface deposition of a highly regulated protein complex resulting in opsonization or membrane lysis. The nat...

Anisotropy of sand is mainly due to the geometrical arrangement of particles that depends on the orientation of applied load respect to the bedding plane. It is geologically due to micro-fabric created by the arrangement of the particles configured during deposition. Most of the models develop using stress/strain invariants are not capable of identifying this kind of anisotropy. This is mainly ...

self-assembly of densely packed zno nanorods were grown on porous silicon (ps) substrate by low-temperature chemical bath deposition. the structural and optical properties of the obtained zno nanostructures on ps substrate were systematically studied. the strong and sharp (002) peak compared with other peaks in the x-ray diffraction (xrd) indicated thatzno nanorods formed with superior orientat...

despite having some useful properties, stainless steels suffer from lack of suitable surface hardness. in this research electroless ni-b-tl coating was used with the aim to increase their surface hardness. the effects of nickel chloride, sodium borohydride, thallium nitrate and ethylendiamin on the chemical composition of coating were studied. to achieve an increase in hardness, the effects of ...

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can increase the susceptibility of vascular plants to other stresses, but the physiological basis of such a response remains poorly understood. This study was designed to clarify the physiological mechanisms and to evaluate bioindicators of N deposition impact on vascular plants. We evaluate multiple physiological responses to ~4 years of simulated additional...

Siring success of flowering plants depends on the fates male gametophytes, which compete for access to stigmas, stylar resources, and ovules. Although rarely considered, pollen may often during dispersal, affecting processes required export stigmas: pickup, transport, deposition. We quantified dispersal interference by tracking bee-mediated stained Anacamptis morio (Orchidaceae) from individual...

Braga-Goodenough all-solid-state Na-Fc and Li-MnO2 batteries demonstrate deposition of Na Li on the cathode during discharge. These reaction mechanisms were investigated in light generalized charge neutrality level experimental results Braga et al., two new types proposed. The mechanism is represented by a multi-step C[(CE)cC]n where C chemical step, E electrochemical c catalytic (CE) n denotes...

Although extensive evidence supports the role of β-amyloid (Aβ) in Alzheimer disease (AD), the neurotoxic mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis are not understood. On the other hand, neuronal loss is the pathologic feature that best correlates with cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that cholinergic neurodegeneration may lead to Aβ deposition and tested this by inducing selective cholinergic...