The paper describe a important topic related to the behaviour of aerosol modelling at Poles. A comparison between models and most important with observations is reported. This add value to the manuscript. However, prior the publication a deeper description related not only to the observed behaviour of the models, but also to the underlying mechanisms (i.e. reasons) is required throughout the wh...

Delamination fracture of a two-dimensional functionally graded multilayered four-point bending beam that exhibits non-linear behaviour of the material is analyzed. The fracture is studied analytically in terms of the strain energy release rate. The beam under consideration has an arbitrary number of layers. Each layer has individual thickness and material properties. A delamination crack is loc...

Controlled natural languages have been used to enable the direct translation from natural language specifications into a formal description. In this abstract we make a case for such an approach to write contracts, and translating into a temporal deontic logic. Combining both temporal behaviour and deontic behaviour is challenging both from a natural language and a formal logic perspective. We p...

User Financial Incentives (UFIs) have emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion. Strong evidence suggests that large enough incentives paid to individuals, conditional on behaviour they can control, encourages more of the desired behaviour. However, such interventions can have unintended consequences for non-targeted behaviours. Implementation difficulties that result in individuals not u...

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of pepper extract as a capping agent via a hydrothermal method. Then palladium nanoparticles and Fe3O4-Pd nanocomposites were synthesized with the aid of pepper extract as a reducing agent. Vibrating Sample magnetometer illustrated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles have super paramagnetic behaviour. The photo catalytic behaviour of Fe3O4-Pd nanocompos...

In this paper we construct a coalgebra for an intrusion detection system to describe the behaviour of a packet stream together with selected actions in the case of intrusions. We start with an extension of the notion of the many-typed signature to the generalised signature and we construct the category of packets as a basic structure of our approach. A defined endofunctor captures the expected ...

Grammars ... refer to real structures, though not to psychologically real structures in the processing sense ... a grammar is a description of our knowledge of a social institution—the language—and because of this basis in social or institutional reality, rather than in cognitive functioning, grammars and psychological processes have no more than the loose relationships they appear, in fact, to...

The interaction of users with search engines is part of goal driven behaviour involving an underlying information need. Information needs range from simple lookups to complex long-term desk studies. This paper proposes a new multidimensional model for search intent, which can be used for the description of search sessions. Using examples from a search engine log we show that our model allows a ...

In this special issue we present a selection of papers from the Symposium on Natural/Unconventional Computing and its Philosophical Significance, held during the AISB/IACAP 2012 World Congress in Birmingham (UK). This article is an editorial, introducing the special issue of the journal with the selected papers and the research program of Natural/Unconventional Computing.

CSP-OZ is a formal method integrating two diierent speciications formalisms into one: the formalism Object-Z for the description of static aspects, and the process algebra CSP for the description of the dynamic behaviour of systems. The semantics of CSP-OZ is failure divergence taken from the process algebra side. In this paper we propose a method for checking correctness of CSP-OZ speciication...