Network effects, economies of scale, and lock-in-effects increasingly lead to a concentration digital resources capabilities, hindering the free equitable development entrepreneurship, new skills, jobs, especially in small communities their medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”). To ensure affordability accessibility technologies, promote entrepreneurship community well-being, protect rights, we pro...

Introdouction: Canal length measurement is essential for proper endodontic treatment. Any error or miscalculation in working length determination, particularly in curved canals, can result in complications during or after root canal therapy. Digital radiography has enabled accurate measurement of curved canal length. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of calibration of a complementary m...

background:   fl uence of image compression on the identi fi   materials and methods:   fi   fi   fi   results:   conclusion:   fi   fi   le format for the compression of digital lateral cephalograms. cation of cephalometric points compared with the dicom format. jpeg2000 is a reliable   jpeg2000 images of lateral cephalograms with quality factors 85, 75, and 60 did not demonstrate any alterati...

Background & Aims: Conventional radiography is used for the diagnosis of problems such as dental caries and failure in root canal therapy. The diagnosis accuracy of conventional radiography is acceptable in the evaluation of anatomical and pathological structures. However, it seems that by using digital radiography we can obtain more information in this field. The aim of this study is to compar...

Emerging information media present new challenges to the curators. While archiving objects, and building meaningful collection for long-term preservation and access, have been well-understood practice for centuaries, digital objects present new issues. In the previous article (Shah, 2009) I identified a number of these issues related to digital objects, specifically digital videos of an ephemer...

Digital watermarking is not a new name in the tech neology world but there are different techniques in data hiding which are similar to watermarking. In this paper we compare digital watermarking with other techniques of data hiding. Stenography, Fingerprinting, cryptography and Digital signature techniques are compared with watermarking. We need water marking for digital data security .It prov...