Using three-dimensional infrared (3D-IR) spectroscopy, we investigate the vibrational dynamics of isotope-diluted ice Ih. By probing the OD stretch mode of HOD in H2O, we observe an extremely rapid decay (≈200 fs) of the population from the second vibrational excited state. Quantum simulations based on a two-dimensional Lippincott-Schroeder potential agree nearly quantitatively with the experim...

According to the 'Adhesion-Decalcification' concept, specific functional monomers within dental adhesives can ionically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Some specific functional monomers form monomer-Ca salts due to chemical interactions. The chemical stability of the monomer-Ca salts was thought to contribute to bond durability. In the present study, we analyzed the chemical interaction bet...

One of the most important functions of artificial three-dimensional (3D) polymeric scaffolds is to serve as a physical support to provide tissues with an appropriate architecture for in vitro cell culture as well as in vivo tissue regeneration. The production of three-dimensional (3D) polymeric scaffolds with tailored macroporous architecture is thus a crucial step in promoting controlled vascu...

Objective Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology is being employed in a variety of medical and surgical specialties to improve patient care and advance resident physician training. As the costs of implementing 3D printing have declined, the use of this technology has expanded, especially within surgical specialties. This article explores the types of 3D printing available, highlights the be...

Static flux-closure structures in three-dimensional 3D mesoscopic ferromagnets are known to differ quite significantly from their 2D counterparts. How these differences reflect in the dynamic properties of the magnetization is, to date, an open question. Micromagnetic simulations are employed to study the normal modes of magnetic oscillations in thick 60–80 nm rectangular Permalloy prisms with ...

A heterotrophic organism 1-2 billion years ago enslaved a cyanobacterium to become the first photosynthetic eukaryote, and has diverged globally. The primary phototrophs, glaucophytes, are thought to retain ancestral features of the first photosynthetic eukaryote, but examining the protoplast ultrastructure has previously been problematic in the coccoid glaucophyte Glaucocystis due to its thick...

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), combined with image processing, is an increasingly powerful tool for structure determination of macromolecular protein complexes and assemblies. In fact, single particle electron microscopy and two-dimensional (2D) electron crystallography have become relatively routine methodologies and a large number of structures have been solved using these methods. At th...

Thus far, a signi cant body of work has been devoted to the challenges of universal access related to the delivery of traditional multimedia content such as text, images, audio, and video. Less attention has been focused on three-dimensional (3D) digital content, as true market opportunities for 3D graphics over networks have just begun to emerge. In this paper, we present ARTE, an Adaptive Ren...

Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy is a powerful method for three-dimensional (3D) structure determination of macromolecular assemblies. Here we address the challenge of determining a 3D structure in the absence of reference models. The 3D structures are determined by alignment and weighted averaging of densities obtained by native cryo random conical tilt (RCT) reconstructions including c...