OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-term and short-term effects on cigarette demand in Argentina based on changes in cigarette price and income per person >14 years old. METHOD Public data from the Ministry of Economics and Production were analysed based on monthly time series data between 1994 and 2010. The econometric analysis used cigarette consumption per person >14 years of age as the depende...

in this paper, the behavior of free vibrations and buckling of the sandwich panel with a flexible core was investigated using a new improved ‎high-order sandwich panel theory. in this theory, equations of motion were formulated based on shear stresses in the core. first-order shear deformation theory was ‎applied for the procedures. in this theory, for the first time, incompatibility problem of...

We present a structural model of urban growth in a spatial equilibrium setting to aid the separation of the effects of demand shocks from those of the spatial variation in housing supply elasticity. The model is applied to an analysis of urban growth across Chines cities between 1998 and 2004, to evaluate the determinants of housing supply elasticity. The variation in supply, via urban expansio...

According to the standard analysis of commodity prices, stockpiling is a necessary signature of speculation. This paper develops an approach suggesting that speculation may temporarily push crude oil prices above the level justified by physical-market fundamentals, without necessarily resulting in a significant increase in oil inventories. Looking beyond debate on the value of oil-demand price-...

This paper takes a different approach to estimating demand for medical care that uses the negotiated prices between insurers and providers as an instrument. The instrument is viewed as a textbook "cost shifting" instrument that impacts plan offerings, but is unobserved by consumers. The paper finds a price elasticity of demand of around -0.20, matching the elasticity found in the RAND Health In...

BACKGROUND This study uses cigarette price elasticity to evaluate the effect of a new excise tax increase on cigarette consumption and to investigate responses from various types of smokers. METHODS Our sample consisted of current smokers between 17 and 69 years old interviewed during an annual face-to-face survey conducted by Taiwan National Health Research Institutes between 2000 to 2003. W...