The article presents an outline of the requirements concerning the planning of preclinical and clinical studies, necessary for the legal approval of a medicinal product. It describes the clinical research plan of innovative and generic pharmaceutical products, taking into account the specific situations in which the assessment of biological equivalence of a generic product is not possible based...

We argue that in the high energy QCD a true black disk wave function consists not only of many gluons but also from many quarks. This corresponds to necessity of nonvacuum reggeon loops in formation of a black disk. The result comes from decomposition of the black disk S-matrix in characters on group manifold. Usually black disk defined as some dense state, which absorbs any projectile. In this...

Introduction: Economic development and public welfare are some of macroeconomic goals for any country. Health economy is one of the parameters as criterion for action in evaluation of this important subject. The present study has been intended to investigate into the relationship among factors of health economy including total health expenditures (some percent of Gross Domestic Product GDP), li...

throughout history dams have been important structures in water storage. to avoid overtopping, damage, and or failure of a dam, adequate spillway is needed to release excess water from upstream floods. researchers found that spillways have to be made nonlinear in order to reach an economic structure with high performance. a piano key weir is one of the best solutions. piano key weirs are the mo...

The common consideration on economic model is that there is knowledge about the risk of occurrence of an assignable cause and the various cost parameters that does not always adequately describe what happens in practice. Hence, there is a need for more realistic assumptions to be incorporated. In order to reduce cost penalties for not knowing the true values of some parameters, this paper aims ...

this paper estimates the effects of increase in iran’s non-oil exports on its economic growth as well as sectoral outputs, using a single country, comparative static, exogenous policy computable general equilibrium (cge) model. the paper also investigates the share of tradable sectors in reaching to the targeted growth rate (8%) in 5th socio-economic development plan. for this purpose, the para...

At the start of a production run, the parameters of the distribution of a quality characteristic are frequently unknown. If the quality characteristic should by monitored on-line by means of a control chart and the production run length is too short, then it is impossible to get a sufficient Phase I number of samples allowing for the correct estimation of parameters and the evaluation of the ch...