EXTERNAL heating by conventional electric cautery or by laser provides coagulation of the tissue by conducting the heat from the surface to the inside of the tissue. Conversely, internal heating is the method for necrotizing tumor and hemostasis by means of a dielectric heating electrode, which is inserted into the tissue or tumor. The two methods of administering localized internal thermal the...

BACKGROUND The presence of focal fibrillation waves during atrial fibrillation (AF) can, besides ectopic activity, also be explained by asynchronous activation of the atrial endo- and epicardial layer and transmurally propagating fibrillation waves. To provide direct proof of endo-epicardial asynchrony, we performed simultaneous high-resolution mapping of the right atrial endo- and epicardial w...

Management of complex vascular malformation represents a challenge as it may include a wide variety of options such as embolization, laser therapy, sclerotherapy, and surgical resection but may lead to significant morbidity and is associated with high recurrence rates. In extreme and/or recurrent cases, successful use of sirolimus has been described. We report a case of large unresectable compl...

Severe NonProliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Any of the following: € Extensive (>20) intraretinal hemorrhages in each of 4 quadrants € Definite venous beading in 2+ quadrants € Prominent IRMA in 1+ quadrant € And no signs of proliferative retinopathy 53A-E: severe to very severe NPDR, 4:2:1 rule One year risk for early PDR: 50.2% (severe NPDR) One year High Risk PDR: 14.6% (severe NPDR) – 45.0%...

introduction: infecting microorganisms of the root canals are difficult to eliminate during endodontic treatment. in this study the effect of root canal disinfection with photodynamic therapy (pdt) at different time intervals in comparison to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation (pui) in extracted teeth colonized with enterococcus faecalis and candida al...

intravenous laser blood irradiation was first introduced into therapy by the soviet scientists en.meschalkin and vs.sergiewski in 1981. originally this method was developed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. improvement of rheologic properties of the blood as well as improvement of microcirculation and reduction of the area of infarction has been proved. further, reduction of dysrhyt...

Introduction: Non Endoscopic endo-nasal dacryocystorhinostomy retains the benefit of an Endo-nasal approach and can be done without using expensive video endoscope or laser system.
 Case presentation: A 22 years old female presented with epiphora medial canthal mass in her left eye, accompanied by discharge recurrent conjunctival congestion since childhood. Physical examination revealed lo...