A case of the agenesis of gallbladder detected at laparotomy for symptomatoloy suggestive of gallbladder disease is described. The agenesis of gallbladder, diagnostic inaccuracies and fallacies of ultrasonography for gallbladder disease are discussed. The diagnosis ofagenesis was substantiated on MRCP, done postoperatively.

The theory of monetary disequilibrium, as espoused by Selgin (1988), White (1989), Horwitz (2000), and others, has been used to justify the issuance of fiduciary media under a system of fractional reserve “free” banking. The present paper examines this monetary disequilibrium theory and concludes that it contains numerous errors and logical fallacies. The foundational economic argument in favor...

SYNOPSIS This report seeks to inform policy makers on the nature and the merit of the arguments for and against the concerns associated with a potential technological singularity. Part I describes the lessons learned from our investigation of the subject, separating the arguments of merit from the fallacies and misconceptions that confuse the debate and undermine its rational resolution.

This paper presents an analysis of the concept of burden of proof in argument. Relationship of burden of proof to three traditional informal fallacies is considered: (i) argumentum ad hominem (ii) petitio principii and (iii) argumentum ad ignorantiam. Other topics discussed include persuasive dialogue, pragmatic reasoning, legal burden of proof, plausible reasoning in regulated disputes, rules ...