BACKGROUND There are limited data to inform the choice between early treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and early surfactant treatment as the initial support for extremely-low-birth-weight infants. METHODS We performed a randomized, multicenter trial, with a 2-by-2 factorial design, involving infants who were born between 24 weeks 0 days and 27 weeks 6 days of gestation...

Mohamad Khairuzzaman Mohamad Zamani, Ismail Musirin, Mohamad Sabri Omar, Saiful Izwan Suliman, Nor Azura Md. Ghani, Nur Azwan Mohamed Kamari Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Eng...

We present a method to control unbalanced fast dynamics in an ensemble Kalman filter by introducing a weak constraint on the imbalance in a spatially sparse observational network. We show that the balance constraint produces significantly more balanced analyses than ensemble Kalman filters without balance constraints and than filters implementing incremental analysis updates (IAU). Furthermore,...

Contemporary pulsar timing experiments have reached a sensitivity level where systematic errors introduced by existing analysis procedures are limiting the achievable science. We have developed tempo2, a new pulsar timing package that contains propagation and other relevant effects implemented at the 1 ns level of precision (a factor of ∼ 100 more precise than previously obtainable). In contras...

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This paper reports the results of a first attempt at compensating for variability in formant-trajectory representations due to differences in suspect and offender recording conditions. Formant-trajectory measurements were made on tokens of /iau/ in a database of high-quality and mobile-to-landline-transmitted recordings of 60 female speakers of Chinese. Discrete cosine transforms (DCT) were fit...