We present a simple explanation for the occurrence of power-law tails in statistical distributions by showing that if stochastic processes with exponential growth in expectation are killed (or observed) randomly, the distribution of the killed or observed state exhibits power-law behavior in one or both tails. This simple mechanism can explain power-law tails in the distributions of the sizes o...

INTRODUCTION Hurricane Katrina, a Category 3 hurricane, made landfall in August 2005. Approximately 1,500 deaths have been directly attributed to the hurricane, primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. In New Orleans, Louisiana, most of the healthcare infrastructure was destroyed by flooding, and > 200,000 residents became homeless. Many of these internally displaced persons received transitiona...

This paper presents a new approach to the project of steel buildings, mainly focused on architectural, structural, and seismic design stairs. The objective is structural stair system capable controlling damage contributing bracing building. article begins with review standard (ATC, FEMA, EC8) which current criteria for buildings stairs are based. research based two spatial building models (A–B)...

An axisymmetric hot closed die-forging process has been studied by physical modeling technique using the plasticine. To observe the material flow pattern, layers of plasticine with different colors were used. The normal direction to the layers was considered a principal direction. The strain distribution was obtained by measuring the thickness of the plasticine layers. Based on the strain distr...

In the present paper, bending and stress analyses of two-directional functionally graded (FG) circular plates resting on non-uniform two-parameter foundations (Winkler-Pasternak foundations) are investigated using a first-order shear-deformation theory. To enhance the accuracy of the results, the transverse stress components are derived based on the three dimensional theory of elasticity. The s...

We consider the statistical distribution of zeros of random meromorphic functions whose poles are independent random variables. It is demonstrated that correlation functions of these zeros can be computed analytically, and explicit calculations are performed for the two-point correlation function. This problem naturally appears in, e.g., rank-1 perturbation of an integrable Hamiltonian and, in ...

Although our engineering training treats all physics as deterministic, we also know that random variation is a normal part of nature. Strength of parts and loads on parts var. Unusually low strengths and unusually high loads do occur , for example a flood or a hurricane in the case of a building or a bridge, or a slug of liquid refrigerant in the case of a compressor. Accidents can occur when e...

We show that the load at each node in a preferential attachment network scales as a power of the degree of the node. For a network whose degree distribution is p(k)∼k{-γ} , we show that the load is l(k)∼k{η} with η=γ-1 , implying that the probability distribution for the load is p(l)∼1/l{2} independent of γ . The results are obtained through scaling arguments supported by finite size scaling st...

Diluted exhaust from selected military aircraft ground-support equipment (AGE) was analyzed for particulate mass, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), SO4(2-), and size distributions. The experiments occurred at idle and load conditions and utilized a chassis dynamometer. The selected AGE vehicles operated on gasoline, diesel, and JP-8. These military vehicles exhibited concentrations...

An important question in the theory of fracture is what kind lifetime distributions may exist for materials under load. Here, this studied context a one-dimensional model with local load sharing constant external load, “creep.” Simulations system Weibull distributed initial lifetimes elements show that limiting distribution follows from extreme statistics and takes Gumbel form eventually, longe...