the nonlinear static pushover analysis technique is mostly used in the performance-based design of structures and it is favored over nonlinear response history analysis. however, the pushover analysis with fema load distributions losses its accuracy in estimating seismic responses of long period structures when higher mode effects are important. some procedures have been offered to consider thi...

This paper comprehensively evaluates the Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) procedure against the ‘‘exact’’ nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) and investigates the accuracy of seismic demands determined by pushover analysis using FEMA-356 force distributions; the MPA procedure in this paper contains several improvements over the original version presented in Chopra and Goel (2002). Seismic de...

The nonlinear static procedure (NSP) or pushover analysis in FEMA-273 [FEMA, 1997] has become a standard procedure in current structural engineering practice. Seismic demands are computed by nonlinear static analysis of the structure, which is subjected to monotonically increasing lateral forces with an invariant height-wise distribution until a target displacement is reached. None of the curre...

The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the FEMA-356 Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) and a recently developed Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) procedure using recorded motions of four buildings that were damaged during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. For this purpose, the motions at non-instrumented floors are “derived” from the motions at instrumented floors by using cubic spline inte...

pushover analysis is a simplified nonlinear analysis technique that can be used to estimate the dynamic demands imposed on a structure under earthquake excitations. one of the first steps taken in this approximate solution is to assess the maximum roof displacement, known as target displacement, using the base shear versus roof displacement diagram. that could be done by the so-called dynamic p...

Evaluated is the accuracy of the modal pushover analysis in estimating the seismic demands for six SAC buildings, excluding gravity-loads and P-delta effects. These results are compared with those obtained by nonlinear response history analysis and three force distributions in FEMA-273.

The femAB operon codes for two nearly identical approximately 50-kDa proteins involved in the formation of the staphylococcal pentaglycine interpeptide bridge. Sequencing and analysis of the femA region of mutants isolated by chemical mutagenesis and selection for lysostaphin resistance revealed point mutations leading to the expression of truncated FemA proteins. These femA mutants, although s...

This study was conducted published to investigate there liability of the equation pressure-impulse (PI) reinforced concrete column in previous studies. Equation involves three different levels of damage criteria known as D =0.2, D =0.5 and D =0.8. The damage criteria known as a minor when 0-0.2, 0.2-0.5 is known as moderate damage, high damage known as 0.5-0.8, and 0.81 of the structure is cons...

Seismic screening, evaluation, and rehabilitation design of two existing wood-framed structures are performed using FEMA 154, FEMA 356, ASCE/SEI 31, and the 1997 UBC. FEMA 154 screening demonstrates the importance of examining construction drawings. Plans revealed a structural deficiency, but screening alone indicated no further evaluation is needed. Demand-to-capacity ratios for shear walls an...

The role of higher-“mode” pushover analyses in seismic analysis of buildings is examined in this paper. It is demonstrated that the higher-“mode” pushover curves reveal plastic hinge mechanisms that are not detected by the first-“mode” or other FEMA-356 force distributions, but these purely local mechanisms are not likely to develop during realistic ground motions in an otherwise regular buildi...