Over the past eight years there has been tremendous progress in the development of Pd-catalyzed ligand-directed C H oxidation reactions to form C O, C N, C S, C halogen, and C C bonds. In marked contrast, analogous C H oxidation reactions of substrates that do not contain directing groups remain challenging. The lack of a directing group typically renders these transformations (as exemplified b...

the preparation of nanostructure type manganese oxide and cobalt oxide materials with the smallest particle size is reported here. the nanorod manganese oxide and cobalt oxide nanotube were prepared via a sol-gel reaction in reverse micelles from kmno4 and cocl2 with respectively source at room-temperature. the structure and surface morphology of the obtained manganese oxide were studied by mea...

the improvement of the physical properties of indium tin oxide (ito) layers is quite advantageous in photovoltaic applications. in this study the ito film is deposited by rf sputtering onto p-type crystalline silicon (c-si) with (100) orientation, multicrystalline silicon (mc-si), and glass substrates coated with zno and annealed in vacuum furnace at 400°c. electrical, optical, structural and m...

in order to compare the effects of different spraying of nano zinc oxide and zinc oxide, the arable irrigated wheat was conducted in two separate trials in 2011-2014 lands of abadeh city.experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replications.in the first experiment, treatments included the application of nano zinc oxide to five levels ( 0 , ...

Some problems with the recent stimulating proposal of a “Gauge Theory of Finance” are outlined. First, the derivation of the log-normal distribution is shown equivalent both in information and mathematical content to the simpler and well-known derivation, dating back from Bachelier and Samuelson. Similarly, the re-derivation of Black-Scholes equation is shown equivalent to the standard one beca...

Tumor-targeted imaging and therapy have been the challenging issue in the clinical field. Herein, we report tumor-targeting hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) as the carrier of the hydrophobic photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6) for simultaneous photodynamic imaging and therapy. First, self-assembled HANPs were synthesized by chemical conjugation of aminated 5β-cholanic acid, polyethylene glyc...

We argue that, classically, s-wave electrons incident on a magnetically charged black hole are swallowed with probability one: the reflection coefficient vanishes. However, quantum effects can lead to both electromagnetic and gravitational backscattering. We show that, for the case of extremal, magnetically charged, dilatonic black holes and a single flavor of low-energy charged particles, this...

After defining the concept of duality in the context of general n-form abelian gauge fields in 2n dimensions, we show by explicit example the difference between apparent but unrealizable duality transformations, namely those inD = 4k+2, and those, in D = 4k, that can be implemented by explicit dynamical generators. We then consider duality transformations in Maxwell theory in the presence of gr...