Paleontological and phylogenetic studies have shown that floral zygomorphy (bilateral symmetry) has evolved independently in several plant groups from actinomorphic (radially symmetric) ancestors as a consequence of strong selection exerted by specialized pollinators. Most studies focused on unraveling the developmental genetics of flower symmetry, but little is known about the adaptive signifi...

in order to investigate the effect of seed rate on seed yield and yield components of three rapeseed varieties, a split- plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replicates during 2008-2009 at baykola agricultural research station, neka, mazandaran province. in this experiment four seed rates (5, 7, 9 and 11 kg.ha-1) as main plots, three rapeseed cultivars (hy...

to investigate flowering, fruitlet and fruit set in thomson navel orange and satsuma mandarin cv. miyagawa and sugiyama in climatic conditions of eastern mazandaran, an experiment was performed by combined analysis in randomized complete block design in three different orchards and in three consecutive years with five replications. number of flowers, fruitlets and fruits were recorded and later...

tuberose aesthetically and commercially is an important flower that its importance is due to its potential for trade of cut flower, long vase life and essential oil industry. it is cultivated commercially by bulbs is needed to their storing properly after the harvest and quiescence to increase yield and flowering quality so that can be regulated flowering time according to market. experiments w...

Despite recent innovations that might have reduced banks’ reliance on brick-and-mortar branches for distributing retail financial services, the number of U.S. bank branches has continued to increase steadily over time. Further, an increasing percentage of these branches are held by banks with large branch networks. This paper assesses the implications of these developments by examining a series...

All pollinators are classified as either generalists or specialists, depending on the variety of flower species that they pollinate. This research project strives to understand how these generalist and specialist pollinators' flower preferences affect the features of the resulting pollination network. More specifically, it aims to quantify and compare the ecological health of the pollination ne...

Water stress and soil nutrients affect the growth of medicinal herbs as well as the quantity and quality of their essential oils. The effect of drought stress and different fertilizers on yield and morphological traits of Ajowan was studied in a split-plot experiment on the basis of a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in Qaen, Iran. The main plot was devoted to irrigation...

in order to study the effect of supplementary irrigation and different plant densities on grain yield and yield components of chickpea cv hashem, an experiment was conducted as split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in sirvan, ilam during 2008-2009 cropping season. main plot included supplementary irrigation (check as non-irrigation, supplementary i...

The number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod are the most variable yield components in winter oilseed rape (WOSR). The production of a seed is the combination of several physiological processes, namely formation of ovules and pollen grains, fertilization of the ovules and development of young embryos, any problem in these processes may result in seed abortion or pod abortion. Bo...