Scholars have argued that institutional inequities and control over resources are linked to gender-based violence. However, psychologists have yet to reposition their research questions to examine how structural inequities lead to power imbalances and gender-based norms that perpetuate threats to women’s health and safety. This study provides a theoretical framework for, and an examination of, ...

An active area of public health policy in the United States is policy meant to promote healthy eating, reduce overconsumption of food, and prevent overweight/obesity. Public discussion of such obesity prevention policies includes intense ethical disagreement. We suggest that some ethical disagreements about obesity prevention policies can be seen as rooted in a common concern with equality or w...

The Yin-Yang bipolar fuzzy set is a powerful mathematical tool for depicting fuzziness and vagueness. We first extend the concept of crisp linear programming problem in environment based on numbers. define arithmetic operations unrestricted numbers multiplication an trapezoidal number (TrBFN) with non-negative TrBFN. then propose method solving fully problems (FBFLPPs) equality constraints whic...

WHY EQUALITY? WHAT EQUALITY? Two central issues for ethical analysis of equality are: (1) Why equality? (2) Equality of what? The two questions are distinct but thoroughly interdependent. We cannot begin to defend or criticize equality without knowing what on earth we are talking about, i.e. equality of what features (e.g., incomes, wealths, opportunities, achievements, freedoms, rights)? We ca...

This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Africa by attempting to identify the significant factors that explain the capability of firms in Nigeria to innovate using the results of an industry-wide study. We focused on the product and process innovation activities of firms between 2003 and 2006 and found differences in the factors that drive them...

is obvious, and then what always hold in the Mamdani's case is the equivalence (p 2 q ! r) = (p ! r) ^ (q ! r): (14) Consequently, if I is a Mamdani–Larsen's implication (8) never holds, but (14) is always true. IV. CONCLUSION After remembering the four main types of implications used in Fuzzy Logic, the equality [p ^ q ! r] = [(p ! r) _ (q ! r)] (*) is analyzed bot in complemented lattices and...

In 1979 Yao published a paper that started the field of communication complexity and asked, in particular, what was the randomised complexity of the Equality function (EQ) in the Simultaneous Message Passing (SMP) model (for the question to be non-trivial, one must consider the setting of private randomness). The tight lower bound Ω( √ n) was given only in 1996 by Newman and Szegedy. In this wo...