Abstract In this study, a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is integrated within life cycle assessment (LCA) model to comprehensively evaluate the energy, environment, and economic impacts of Jatropha biodiesel production in China. The total energy consumption producing 1 ton 17566.16 MJ, which fertilizer utilization methanol consume 78.14% 18.65% overall consumption, respectively. emits number pollutants,...

The recent in vitro derivation of gamete-like cells from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells is a major breakthrough and lays down several challenges, both for the further scientific investigation and for the bioethical and biolegal discourse. We refer here to these cells as gamete-like (sperm-like or oocyte-like, respectively), because at present there is still no evidence that these cells behave...

the following 9 chapters summarize the most essential steps that through evolution led to the reproductive behaviour of humans. Hence, the text is not necessarily confined to our species. it is a brief personal view, written as background information for reproductive specialists and gynaecologists. the objective is to give a rough sketch of the evolutionary framework in which some current repro...

BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up on relationship quality in couples who use sperm donation is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse changes over time in satisfaction with relationship in heterosexual couples who were scheduled for treatment with sperm donation and IVF couples treated with their own gametes and to compare the two groups undergoing different treatment for infertility. ME...

the objectives for this study were first to understand and estimate energy consumption in each stage of production and processing of milk using regional data and second, suggesting improvement opportunities. a cradle to gate assessment of market milk was performed by separating the system into three stages: agronomy, animal farm and processing plant. data were collected from multiple sources e....

lead and zinc production is one of the main predisposing factors of excessive greenhouse gases emissions, air pollution and water consumption. in this paper, the environmental problems of lead and zinc production in calcimin plant are expressed and life cycle assessment of this plant is assessed. the data regarding the amount of induced global warming and pollution, acidification, and depletion...

employing remanufactured and refurbished products are among the new strategies that companies used to raise their profits as well as protects environment. although used product equipment gives an opportunity to purchase latest technology, customers are doubtful about quality and reliability of these products. because of limitation that developing countries faces in buying new products, some cou...