This research uses multivariate cointegration analysis to assess the degree . of competition in the U.S. natural gas industry following the move to open access pipeline transportation. The testing methodology allows multiple nodes in the pipeline network to be analyzed simultaneously and is based on recent advances by Johansen (1988, 1991) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) on estimation and hypo...

On January 27, 2016, the Government of Canada announced that “direct and upstream greenhouse gas emissions” would factor into the regulatory review process for proposed pipeline projects.1 The new standard aims to address claims that new pipelines will induce greater expansion of Canada’s oil sands, producing more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Specific details were not provided in the governm...

Long-distance road-freight transport emits a large share of Germany's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A potential solution for reducing GHG emissions in this sector is to use green hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FC-HDV) and establish an accompanying refueling station (HRS) network. In paper, we apply existing network design model HDV-HRS Germany until 2050 based on German traffic data he...

Hydrogen energy is a crucial carrier for the growth of system and its low-carbon transformation. Using natural gas as hydrogen transport pipeline network transportation significant step toward realizing large-scale long-distance transport. Hydrogen-mixed mainly separated into by physical methods at present. High purity recovery, but recovery rate low. At same time, compared with gas, liquefied ...

Introduction: Today, with development of various industries, the adverse events originated from explosion and emission of toxic and chemical substances have increased. These events may cause serious environmental problems that threaten human health and safety. Therefore, knowledge about the risk of toxic substances from industrial facilities is essential. Although, chlorine is extensively uti...