n engl j med 371;14 nejm.org october 2, 2014 1341 States, the reported retail cost of fluticasone at 500 μg per day (half the dose used in this study) is $194 per month.10 The investigators report a hazard ratio for exacerbations of 1.05 among patients who stopped taking glucocorticoids, as compared with those who continued the glucocorticoid regimen. The upper bound of the confidence interval ...

The in vitro and in vivo growth of ConS cells, a single cell-derived subclone of the 13762NF-transplantable rat mammary adenocarcinoma, is strongly suppressed by glucocorticoid hormones. Hybrids were formed between glucocorticoid-suppressible Con8.hD6 mammary tumor cells (ConS transfected with the histidinol dehydrogenase selectable marker) and either glucocorticoid-resistant 8RUV7 mammary tumo...

Primary glucocorticoid resistance (OMIM 138040) is a rare hereditary disease that causes a generalized partial insensitivity to glucocorticoid action, due to genetic alterations of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Investigation of adrenal incidentalomas led to the discovery of a family (eight affected individuals spanning three generations), prone to cortisol resistance, bilateral adrenal hype...

The cyclic AMP response element (CRE) of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter is required for a complete glucocorticoid response. Proteins known to bind the PEPCK CRE include the CRE-binding protein (CREB) and members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family. We took two different approaches to determine which of these proteins provides the accessory facto...

Background: Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of polymyalgia rheumatica treatment, but their use has several disadvantages such as long treatment duration and glucocorticoid-related adverse events. 1,2 Data on evidence based effective glucocorticoid-sparing agents are negative or absent. 2 Objectives: Because B-cells may be involved in pathogenesis rheumatica, we evaluated efficacy rituxim...

BACKGROUND Acutely elevated cortisol levels in healthy humans impair autobiographical memory recall and alter hemodynamic responses of the amygdala to emotionally valenced stimuli. It is hypothesized that the effects of the cortisol on cognition are influenced by the ratio of mineralocorticoid receptor to glucocorticoid receptor occupation. The current study examined the effects of acutely bloc...

Prematurely born infants may be at risk, because of inadequate maturation of tissues. If there are signs of preterm birth, it has become common practice therefore to treat either antenatally the mother or postnatally the infant with glucocorticoids to accelerate tissue development, particularly of the lung. However, this life-saving early glucocorticoid treatment was found to increase the risk ...

Osteonecrosis (ON) is characterized through the impairment of osseous blood flow that leads to the collapse of femur head. Corticoid-induced ON in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in rabbits are useful models to assess the efficacy of potential treatments on this disease. D-003 inhibits the mevalonate pathway, lipid peroxidation and prevents osteoporosis in rats through increasing the ...

BACKGROUND Acquired resistance to glucocorticoids constitutes a major clinical challenge, often overlooked in the search for improved alternatives to classic steroids. We sought to unravel how two glucocorticoid receptor-activating compounds, dexamethasone and Compound A, influence glucocorticoid receptor levels and how this can be correlated to their gene regulatory potential. METHODS Compou...