Monotonic relationship between input and output often is an inherent property of fuzzy systems. For example, for a cart-pole system, there is a gradual relationship between the pole angle and the cart velocity of the form: “The more the pole deviates from the upright position, the higher velocity the cart must gain”. Thus, we propose an approach, that we call Gradual GMP, which is able to integ...

Corrective feedback has received significant attention in English language teaching, and its role has been highly substantial. Considering the importance of corrective feedback in EFL classes, this study aimed at finding the effects of indirect and gradual CF on Iranian EFL learners' grammatical development and their beliefs toward CF. Twenty EFL learners, meeting the c...

This paper describes the time course of withdrawal and relapse in opioid-dependent volunteers (n = 8) who completed a gradual outpatient buprenorphine dose taper (28 days). Compliance with treatment was very high, as evidenced by clinic attendance (96-100%). Urinalysis showed that 6 of the 8 volunteers had relapsed to opiates by the end of the dose taper, even though reports of withdrawal were ...

Trust and distrust are two increasingly important metrics in social networks, reflecting users’ attitudes and relationships towards each other. In this paper, we study the indirect derivation of these metrics’ values for users that do not know each other, but are connected through the network. In particular, we focus on the aggregation step that is required for fusing trust and distrust informa...

Linguistic quantifiers are quantifiers defined by linguistic expressions like “around 5” or “most of,” and many types of linguistic quantifiers can be found in the literature (Diaz-Hermida, Bugarin, & Barro, 2003; Glockner, 1997, 2004a, 2004b; Losada, Díaz-Hermida, & Bugarín, 2006) (as semifuzzy quantifiers which allow modeling expressions like “there are twice as many men as women”). We limit ...

One of the fundamental issues in developmental phonology is why some speech sounds are acquired early whereas others are acquired much later (e.g. Prather, Hendrick, and Kern, 1975; Hare, 1983; Dyson, 1988; Smit, Hand, Freilinger, and Bernthal, 1990). We speculate that there are at least two issues at play: articulatory control and learning the phonology of the native language. With respect to ...

Large responses of ecosystems to small changes in the conditions--regime shifts--are of great interest and importance. In spatially extended ecosystems, these shifts may be local or global. Using empirical data and mathematical modeling, we investigated the dynamics of the Namibian fairy circle ecosystem as a case study of regime shifts in a pattern-forming ecosystem. Our results provide new su...

The paper presents a method for gradual forgetting, which is applied for learning drifting concepts. The approach suggests the introduction of a time-based forgetting function, which makes the last observations more significant for the learning algorithms than the old ones. The importance of examples decreases with time. Namely, the forgetting function provides each training example with a weig...

In mining gradual patterns the idea is to express co-variations of attributes, taking the direction of change of attribute values into account. These patterns are such as {the more A, the more B}, {the more A, the more B, the less C} or { the higher the speed, the higher the danger }. These patterns are denoted as {A≥B≥ }, { A≥B≥C≤} or { speed≥danger≥} respectively. Such patterns hold if the va...