The spatial arrangement of stove hotplates and associated controls and linkages has been of concern to ergonomists. In this study, two different approaches were used to determine preferred arrangements. In the first, one group of participants were given locations of controls and asked to place hotplates; a second group was given hotplate locations and asked to place controls. In each case, link...

Black holes in a class of string compactifications, known as STU models, carry four electric and magnetic charges. Furthermore, duality group, given by the product three congruence subgroups SL(2,\({{\mathbb {Z}}}\)), acts on these integer valued By placing eight charges at corners Bhargava cube, we provide classification orbits theories.

An ω-language over a finite alphabet X is a set of infinite sequences of letters of X. Previously studied syntactic equivalence relations defined by ω-languages have mainly been relations on X∗. In this paper the emphasis is put on relations in Xω, by associating to an ω-language L a congruence on Xω, called the ω-syntactic congruence of L. Properties of this congruence and notions induced by i...

Since congruence modulo m is an equivalence relation, it partitions the universe of integers into equivalence classes, which we’ll call congruence classes modulo m. Within any one of these classes, all of the members are congruent to all of the other members; but congruence modulo m never holds between members of different equivalence classes. For instance, there are two congruence classes modu...

It is evident from the definition that the class of all BCK-algebras is a quasivariety. Yet it is not a variety, nor does the largest subvariety of BCK exist—as shown in Wroński [2], Kabziński & Wroński [3], respectively. Several subvarieties of BCK have been isolated and thoroughly investigated, which has led to a substantial body of results (cf. e.g., Blok & Raftery [4]). Nevertheless, the qu...

Congruence is the degree to which one’s personality matches one’s behavior in a particular situation. On four separate occasions over several weeks, 202 undergraduate participants described a situation they encountered the previous day and their behavior. Analyses considered overall congruence as well as distinctive congruence, adjusted for the match of personality and behavior to the normative...

We investigate the degree of congruence between preferred and actual levels of ten management control system (MCS) practices in the areas of budgeting, performance evaluation, and compensation. Survey results from responsibility centre managers indicate significant disagreements between preferred and actual levels for most MCS practices. Congruence states of deprivation, satisfaction, and satur...

We call a lattice L isoform, if for any congruence relation Θ of L, all congruence classes of Θ are isomorphic sublattices. In an earlier paper, we proved that for every finite distributive lattice D, there exists a finite isoform lattice L such that the congruence lattice of L is isomorphic to D. In this paper, we prove a much stronger result: Every finite lattice has a congruence-preserving e...

Extant literature on value congruence is fragmented due to different methodological treatments and theoretical perspectives. Proposing a typology of the value congruence concept, this paper reviews several key themes in value congruence research including staffing, socialization, leadership, job attitudes, performance, among others. By reviewing related antecedents and outcomes, discussing unde...