The food security and poverty-targeting potential of employment-based income transfers has long been recognized in many African countries, not least in Niger and Zimbabwe. Niger's experience with public works dates from the 1930s. Beginning with the great drought of the 1970s, the Nigerien government has increasingly emphasized small-scale programs to generate labor for soil and water conservat...

The aim of this paper is to present new approach to realistic rendering of architectural objects, which simplifies scene lighting preparation process, and shortens rendering time. We present how to apply Image Based Lighting in visualization of architectural projects, and how to implement it so that rendering takes at most few seconds, even for complex 3D models. Our results show that this appr...

abstraction shigeo fokuada is one of the geniuses of contemporary graphic designers of japan. he was born in tokyo in 1932. after finishing his studies in national university of fine arts & music (1956), he worked in many fields of professional graphic design and his poster designs gained world reputation. he as a representative of avant-garde graphic design, with increasing international atten...

The quality of the housing environment (HE) is an important issue that has a direct impact on life inhabitants. Aiming for in residential architecture begins with well-designed HE, designing process being value difficult to evaluate. Nowadays, HE takes into account energy efficiency building. An appropriate degree thermal comfort, which required by inhabitants, needs be considered at design sta...

The concept of "gentrification" is becoming an important and widespread phenomenon in most of the world's cities, both developed and developing. Consequently, many people have forcibly left their places or have lived at a higher cost. Therefore this phenomenon has become one of the most controversial issues of urban studies in recent years and can be analyzed as an influential and underlying fa...

Environmental factors are being increasingly taken into account in the increasing development of urbanization and citizen residential requirements. Climate and climate conditions are among the environmental factors that have always influenced human welfare. Climate has always been incorporated in old urban structures in Iran and can be easily observed. Despite the importance of climate-related ...

After the civil war, Sri Lankan government started urban regeneration initiative focusing on Colombo city development. These projects have proved to be just immediate solutions, with no long-term effect community. Thus, this study examined post-implementation issues of project develop a resolution framework. Subsequently, applied three similar cases viz., Pruitt-Igoe, Chennai, and Kibera unders...