The preferential synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in response to thermal stress [the heat shock response (HSR)] has been shown to vary in species that occupy different thermal environments. A survey of case studies of aquatic (mostly marine) organisms occupying stable thermal environments at all latitudes, from polar to tropical, shows that they do not in general respond to heat stress w...

Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) is the primary transcription factor responsible for the response to cellular stress, while HSF2 becomes activated during development and differentiation, including spermatogenesis. Although both factors are indispensable for proper spermatogenesis, activation of HSF1 by heat shock initiates apoptosis of spermatogenic cells leading to infertility of males. To character...

While dnaK and tig are the essential components for nascent polypeptide folding in E. coli, deletion did not confer synthetic lethality in B. subtilis, suggesting that under normal growth conditions, another system or mechanism with a specific role prevails. Likewise, survival at high temperature suffered dramatically, resulting from deletion of several sets of heat shock genes, thus during sud...

Military working dogs in hot countries undergo exercise training at high ambient temperatures for at least 9 mo annually. Physiological adaptations to these harsh conditions have been extensively studied; however, studies focusing on the underlying molecular adaptations are limited. In the current study, military working dogs were chosen as a model to examine the effects of superimposing endura...

We have for the first time characterized the heat shock response in mycobacteria both at the level of transcription, by RNA extraction, Northern (RNA) blotting, and hybridization with gene-specific probes for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 65- and 71-kDa heat shock proteins (HSPs), and at the level of translation, by [35S]methionine labelling, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electroph...

Cabbage is a relatively robust vegetable at low temperatures. However, at high temperatures, cabbage has disadvantages, such as reduced disease tolerance and lower yields. Thus, selection of heat-tolerant cabbage is an important goal in cabbage breeding. Easier or faster selection of superior varieties of cabbage, which are tolerant to heat and disease and have improved taste and quality, can b...

The cell of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae contains a single chloroplast and mitochondrion, the division of which is tightly synchronized by a light/dark cycle. The genome content is extremely simple, with a low level of genetic redundancy, in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In addition, transient transformation and stable transformation by homologous recombination have been report...

Temperature is important for optimization of rearing conditions in aquaculture, especially during the critical early life history stages of fish. Here, we experimentally investigated the impact of temperature (16, 18, 20, 22 and 24°C) on thermally induced phenotypic variability, from larval hatch to first-feeding, and the linked expression of targeted genes [heat shock proteins (hsp), growth ho...

conclusions we have highlighted the role of rns3 plus rnt-gp96 mediated by α5integrin in producing il-12 and tnfα. it can be suggested that rnt-gp96 could enhance immunity characteristic of rns3 protein via production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. results our results showed that rnt-gp96 alone significantly increases the expression level of il-12, tnfα and α5integrin in thp-1 macrophages and d...