OBJECTIVES Retrospective analysis of evolution of HIV tropism and association with disease progression in perinatal HIV-1 infection (PaHIV). METHODOLOGY Eligible patients with PaHIV were grouped as slow, rapid or long-term non-progressors (LTNP). The V3 region of gp120 was sequenced from stored plasma samples and tropism determined by geno2pheno algorithm (FPR 5.75%). Logistic regression with...

BACKGROUND Baclofen is a centrally acting gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist used for the symptomatic relief of skeletal muscle spasm and spasticity in traumatic spinal cord lesions, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and stroke. It is also used in the treatment of chronic hiccups and cocaine abuse. Baclofen-induced central nervous system depression is rare at the usual therapeutic doses. However...

The substantial increase in inequality in the United States over the past three decades has provoked considerable debate, with some analysts characterizing rising inequality as among the greatest threats facing the nation and others dismissing it as little more than a hiccup – or even celebrating it as a favorable development – in the progress of American capitalism. Despite numerous claims in ...

A new word: neuroeconomics According to Webster’s New Millennium Dictionary of English, neuroeconomics is ‘the study of the brain in making economic decisions, esp. to build a biological model of decision-making in economic environments’. This definition strikesme as odd. Isn’t ‘decision-making in economic environments’ a bit tautological? The concept of a decision always implies ‘against some ...

Artificial pneumoperitoneum is a procedure with which doctors are familiar, particularly in respect to its therapeutic application in pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic diffuse pulmonary emphysema. Diagnostic use of the procedure in lesions of or near the diaphragm is well known to chest physicians and surgeons, yet some general practitioners, surgeons and radiologists have remained hesitant to...

hospital with fractured neck of his right femur. From the 11th day after surgery he developed recurrent episodes of retrosternal and right lower chest pain associated with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and hiccup; the pain was aggravated by deep breathing. He had four such episodes in three days while walking with a frame. On each occasion he was given glyceryl trinitrate (600 μg subli...

Background and objective:Gastroesophageal reflux is one of the most common esophageal disordersat all age groups, especially in children, due to the transient slackness of sphincter of the lower esophagus, which results in impairment in the quality of life of the infant.Various studies have shown that proton pump inhibitors have a beneficial effect on the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux di...

Correspondence To the Editor: Gastric carcinoma is a common gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy while signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a well-known poorly differentiated histological type that has a strong tendency for metastasis. The dissemination of gastric carcinoma mainly presents in three patterns. The most common approach for metastasis is through the regional lymph node. Hematogenous sp...

Hiccups, which are caused by involuntary contractions of inspiratory muscles, can cause discomfort and when intractable, may, potentially, be a severe condition. Chronic hiccups have been treated with a variety of pharmacological agents including chlorpromazine, metaclopromide, nifedipine, haloperidol, lidocaine, baclofen and various gastric acid secretion suppressors [1–3]. This neurorespirato...