Let $mathcal{A}$ be a $C^*$-algebra and $Z(mathcal{A})$ the‎ ‎center of $mathcal{A}$‎. ‎A sequence ${L_{n}}_{n=0}^{infty}$ of‎ ‎linear mappings on $mathcal{A}$ with $L_{0}=I$‎, ‎where $I$ is the‎ ‎identity mapping‎ ‎on $mathcal{A}$‎, ‎is called a Lie higher derivation if‎ ‎$L_{n}[x,y]=sum_{i+j=n} [L_{i}x,L_{j}y]$ for all $x,y in  ‎mathcal{A}$ and all $ngeqslant0$‎. ‎We show that‎ ‎${L_{n}}_{n...

The most important goal of each society, is to reach economic development. As the goal and agent of development, man has got an important responsibility, which responsibility is realized by way of education, specially higher education, because the universities are the main factors for progress, production of knowledge and education of specialized human forces and they play a significant role in...

In this paper, we show that Arrow’s well-known impossibility theorem is instrumental in bringing the ongoing discussion about verisimilitude to amore general level of abstraction. After some preparatory technical steps, we show that Arrow’s requirements for voting procedures in social choice are also natural desiderata for a general verisimilitude definition that places content and likeness con...

The observed phenomena in real sound environment system often contain uncertainty such as the additional external noise with unknown statistics. Furthermore, there is complex nonlinear relationship between the specific signal and the observations, and it cannot be exactly expressed in any definite functional form. In these situations, it is one of reasonable analysis methods to treat the object...

This review focuses on the ways in which the objectification of individuals and groups of people, as well as the self-objectification that typically develops from such treatment, is implicated in positive and negative societal change. Four areas are reviewed: (a) objectification (including dehumanization, infra-humanization, dehumanized perception, sexualization, and colonialism), (b) self-obje...

Characterizing the Instrumental Variable Identifying Assumption as Sample Selection Conditions We build on Rosenzweig and Wolpin (2000) and Keane (2010) and show that in order to fulfill the Instrumental variable (IV) identifying moment condition, a policy must be designed so that compliers and non-compliers either have the same average error term, or have an error term ratio equal to their rel...

A single and self-contained method for determining the crystallite-size distribution and shape from experimental x-ray line profile data is presented. We have shown that the crystallite-size distribution can be determined without assuming a functional form for the size distribution, determining instead the size distribution with the least assumptions by applying the Bayesian/MaxEnt method. The ...