abstract issue: in economic literature, there are two hypotheses regarding the link between economic development and gender inequality. the first gender inequality decreases with economic development. second, economic development increases gender inequality. this research is conducted to investigate the effects of economic development on gender inequality according to kuznets gender curve in ir...

OBJECTIVE Accurate and reproducible coil positioning is important for headache research using transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols. We aimed to design a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil holder and demonstrate reliability of test-retest coil positioning. METHODS A coil holder was developed and manufactured according to three principles of stability, durability, and three-dimension...

We consider a model of licensing of a non-drastic innovation in which the patent holder (an outside innovator) negotiates either up-front fixed fees or per-unit royalties with two firms producing horizontally differentiated brands and competing à la Cournot. We investigate how licensing schemes (fixed fee or per-unit royalty) and the number of licenses sold (exclusive licensing or complete tech...

Data caching and hoarding provide the only means to support disconnected mobile operations. In the context of mobile database applications, data cached can take the form of a materialized view. In this paper, we present a mechanism or view holder within the fixed network, whose job is to maintain versions of the views that are required by a particular mobile host. These views are very likely to...

background and purpose: utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. the food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. we aimed to investigate the iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. materials and methods: this is a descriptive longit...

By formulating negotiations about licensing payments as cooperative games without side payments, we investigate stable bargaining outcomes in licensing a cost-reducing technology of an external patent holder to oligopolistic firms producing a homogeneous product under two licensing policies: fee and royalty. The final bargaining outcome in fee licensing is uniquely determined, because the NTU b...

According to the Ahlowalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) beside infrastructure investments of government lead to income inequality decrease in rural areas of countries. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of public investments such as agricultural R&E, road, education and irrigation on income inequality in rural areas of Iran. In ord...