The effects of porous medium heterogeneity on methane hydrate formation, water flow through the heterogeneous hydrate-bearing sand, and hydrate dissociation were observed in an experiment using a heterogeneous sand column with prescribed heterogeneities. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to monitor saturation changes in water, gas, and hydrate during hydrate formation, water flow, and hyd...

Gas hydrates could show an unexpected high stability at conditions out of thermodynamic equilibrium, which is called the self-preservation effect. The mechanism of the effect for methane hydrates is here investigated via molecular dynamics simulations, in which an NVT/E method is introduced to represent different levels of heat transfer resistance. Our simulations suggest a coupling between the...

K2CO3 is a promising salt for thermochemical heat storage. For high performance, the reaction must take place as close possible to equilibrium, while ensuring sufficient rates. In this work, we studied near-equilibrium hydration kinetics of and other salts (CuCl2, MgCl2 LiCl). We proposed generic two-step mechanism salts, consisting (1) adsorption water vapour dissolution ions from initial phas...

Application of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in adsorption process has been studied for the advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. Because of entering poisonous compounds such as furfural, phenol and sulfides into the oily wastewater of Tehran refinery, biological aeration basins of wastewater treatment unit may not have the desired performance of COD reductio...

A simple, rapid and reliable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and determination of psycotropic substances viz., alprazolam, chloral hydrate and diazepam in traditional alcoholic beverages, such as toddy, has been developed. Separation was accomplished using a reversed-phase C18 column with water-methanol-acetic acid (35:65:0.1 v/v/v) as a mobile s...

Geopressured reservoirs can serve as ample source of geothermal energy with temperatures as high as 140 0C. Salinities are typically high in these reservoirs due to the dissolution of surrounding salt domes. Cement retrogression can occur under these geopressured geothermal conditions resulting from calcium silicate hydrate [3CaO2SiO23H2O] phase in hydrated cement converting to alpha dicalciu...

New calculus of the liquid-gas phase transition is developed for the boiling of nuclear liquid in the micro-canonical ensemble. In contrast to the familiar geometrical construction, the temperature and the chemical potentials are determined from de…nite values of baryon densities and pressure. We recover the concave maximized entropy in the phase transition against the common tangent …lling up ...

These lecture notes give a basic introduction to the physics of phase transitions under non-equilibrium conditions. The notes start with a general introduction to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics followed by four parts. The first one discusses the universality class of directed percolation, which plays a similar role as the Ising model in equilibrium statistical physics. The second one giv...