Charles L. Dodgson, who lectured on mathematics at Christ Church in Oxford University, constructed ciphers that were state of the art in his time. In poems and letters he demonstrated a great talent for creating acrostics and anagrams. In this paper I describe the ciphers closely and argue that their creation was intertwined with his word game inventions.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Globalization is a process of similarity and integration of human in the worldwide in influence of increasing and extension of information and communications technology, and  compaction of time and space, under guidance of democracy and domination discourse of neo liberalism. Globalization becomes a process of reshaping human life through globalizing certain values, which include economic patte...

the taxpayers’ rights must be considered the most important portion of tax laws by tax organization subject to all broad powers and authorities; the thing that has been widely noted in our modern world taking the human and citizenship rights into special consideration by taxation system of developed countries. they also applied various methods to illustrate and execute them in their tax laws. i...

there are many agreements for transferring technology, but license agreement is the most important agreement in this regard. according to the mentioned agreement, the owner of patent or technology as licensor grants the license to licensee in specific duration and in a given territory. exclusive rights of licensor and the objectives of competition law, including the welfare of consumers or prev...

the concept of right as one of the fundamental concepts of the law, policy and ethics, has been entered into legal discourse of iranian community. however, right is a contested concept, and any discussion of it requires theorizing. despite offering different views about the nature of right that can be categorized under two theories named will-based theory and utility-based theory, it seems that...