Feeding was induced with lateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-dg), a glucose analogue causing glucoprivation. Feeding increased rapidly by an average of 2.6 g following ICV 2-DG (2.9 or 5.8 mg per rat), but did not increase after ICV D-glucose or sucrose. At the same doses, 2-DG did not increase feeding when given peripherally. Core temperature dropped in a d...

Melatonin can contribute to glucose homeostasis either by decreasing gluconeogenesis or by counteracting insulin resistance in distinct models of obesity. However, the precise mechanism through which melatonin controls glucose homeostasis is not completely understood. Male Wistar rats were administered an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of melatonin and one of following: an icv injectio...

BACKGROUND: Brain monoamines (such as histamine and dopamine) play an important role in emotions, cognition, reward and feeding behavior. The interactions between histamine and dopamine were studied in many physiological functions but this correlation is unclear in feeding behavior of chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of central histaminergic and dopaminergic sy...

Background: Feeding behavior is regulated via a complex network which interacts through diverse signals from central and peripheral tissues. OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the current study was to determine the role of central cannabinoidergic (CBergic) system on ghrelin-induced hypophagia in 3-h food deprived (FD3) neonatal chicken. METHODS: In experiment 1, chicks were ICV injected with cont...

Parents are often uncertain about the vaccination status of their children. In times of vaccine hesitancy, vaccination programs could benefit from active patient participation. The Vaccination App (VAccApp) was developed by the Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, enabling parents to learn about the vaccination status of their children, including 25 different routine, special indication and travel...

Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) is the key receptor that mediates stress-related body responses. However to date there are no CRF1 antagonists that have shown clinical efficacy in stress-related diseases. We investigated the inhibitory effects of a new generation, topology 2 selective CRF1 antagonists, NGD 98-2 and NGD 9002 on exogenous and endogenous CRF-induced stimulation of...

As it has been demonstrated in a previous study, both cyclooxygenases (COXs) and nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) participate in the mechanism of acetaminophen (ACETA) action. Results obtained in this study indicate that intrathecal (it) or intracerebroventricular (icv) pretreatment with LG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NO-Arg), a non-selective inhibitor of NOS activity, as well as with 7-nitroindazole (7-N...

  Background and Objectives: There is well established the beneficial effects of Crocus sativus extract in learning and memory improvement. In the present study the effect of this plant in memory behavioral impairment and forbrain histological damage induced by STZ-icv model of Alzheimer disease were investigated. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Shahed University (...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats is followed by long-term and progressive deficits in learning, memory, and cognitive performance in rats which is somewhat similar to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD). Epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could delay or slow the clinical expression of SAD. Therefore, the bene...

The aims of the study were to evaluate (1) detection of cognitive function changing in rat with hepatosteatosis model and (2) evaluate the effect of GLP-1 analog (exenatide) on cognitive function in hepatosteatosis. In the study group, 30% fructose was given in nutrition water to perform hepatosteatosis for 8 weeks to 18 male rats. Six male rats were chosen as control group and had normal nutri...