While the cell imposes multiple barriers to virus entry, enveloped viruses are remarkably still able to gain entry to their cellular hosts by hitchhiking and remodeling the endomembrane system to traffic within, and eventually escape from, endosomal organelles for their genome release. Elucidating viral entry mechanisms and their interaction with the host trafficking network is necessary for an...

Internalization is at study in social-behavioural sciences and moral philosophy since long; of late, the debate was revamped within the rationality approach to the study of cooperation and compliance since internalization is a less costly and more reliable enforcement system than social control. But how does it work? So far, poor attention was paid to the mental underpinnings of internalization...

The cultural internalization and competence of a diverse sample of tricultural university students was assessed. Based on recent research on the internalization of cultural norms, it was predicted that (a) having a heritage culture that embraced egalitarian values would be conducive to autonomous internalization and cultural competence, (b) competence and internalization would be associated wit...

Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by the misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains, accumulating as amyloid fibrils in vital organs. Multiple reports have indicated that amyloidogenic light chains internalize into a variety of cell types, but these studies used urine-derived proteins without indicating any protein sequence information. As a result, the role of somatic mutations in a...

The rates of internalization and uncoating of 32P-labelled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the human T lymphoid cell line CEM are consonant with a receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism of entry. This interpretation was affirmed by electron microscopic observation of virions within endosomes. Virus binding and infectivity were inhibited to the same extent by pretreatment with OKT4A antib...

in this paper we define the notions of ultra and involution ideals in bck-algebras. then we get the relation among them and other ideals as (positive) implicative, associative, commutative and prime ideals. specially, we show that in a bounded implicative bck-algebra, any involution ideal is a positive implicative ideal and in a bounded positive implicative lower bck-semilattice, the notions of...

We recently demonstrated that chymotrypsin substrate analogues inhibit receptor-mediated insulin internalization in isolated rat adipocytes. In this study, the effect on glucose transport of inhibiting insulin internalization with these agents was examined. Glucose transport was assayed by measuring [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, and internalized insulin was measured after rapidly dissociating sur...

Previous results from this laboratory suggested that the same active conformation of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHR) is involved in the stimulation of G proteins and in triggering the internalization of the bound agonist. We have now analyzed two naturally occurring, constitutively active mutants of the human LHR. These mutations were introduced into the rat LHR (rLHR) and are de...

We examined the interrelationships of internalization and down-regulation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in response to treatment of the BEAS-2B human epithelial cell line with both a series of agonists at high occupancy and with various concentrations of fenoterol that gave occupancies from 0.93 to 0.001. We found that the extent of internalization measured after a 30-min treatment increas...