C illegal traffic in small arms is important to Australia for two reasons. First, to the extent that these weapons are illegally imported into Australia, they may be used for criminal purposes. Second, the illegal international trade in small arms can contribute to crime and disorder in neighbouring nations, and the eventual destabilising of governments in our region. This paper summarises Aust...

Illegal parcellings are a unique case within urban sprawl processes. They characterised by originating against planning and lack of basic infrastructure. It is phenomenon that has not been studied in much depth, its typological aspect the least discussed element. This article analyses illegal municipality Cordoba, Spain, where their area reached 4,606.88 hectares—this, compared to slightly more...

Little is known about the relationship between illegal firms and local economic activity. In this paper I study changes in satellite night lights across Mexican municipalities after the arrival of large drug trafficking organizations in the period 2000-2010. After accounting for state trends and differences in political regimes, results indicate no significant change in night lights after the a...

Violent deaths, kidnapping and extortion have spiked in Mexico’s border towns since 2004. Using a formal model and case studies from Mexico, I argue that such phenomena are partially explained by changes in the composition of illegal labor markets. Government permissiveness fostered territorial wars between Mexican drug cartels. To sustain such inter-cartel fights, drug leaders promoted the rec...

Illegal cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation is still a social problem worldwide. Fifty inquiries on cannabis that Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources (Tsukuba Division) received between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2009 were itemized in to 8 categories; 1: seed identification, 2: plant identification, 3: indoor cultivation, 4: outdoor cultivation, 5: germination and growth char...

The illegal dumping of waste has been a serious environmental concern of most countries in the world. This paper examines the relationship between the provision ofwaste treatment facilities and the frequency of illegal dumping. Our results show that a shortage of intermediate waste treatment facilities has played an important role in increasing the frequency of illegal dumping. 2010 Elsevier B....

The Peruvian Amazon is an important arena in global efforts to promote sustainable logging in the tropics. Despite recent efforts to achieve sustainability, such as provisions in the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, illegal logging continues to plague the region. We present evidence that Peru's legal logging concession system is enabling the widespread illegal logging via the regulatory docum...

We show how the branching process approach can be used for the detection of illegal behaviors. Our study is based on the specification of properties in terms of testers that cover safety as well as liveness properties. We demonstrate that the unfolding method can be used in this context and propose an extension of it, called unfolding graphs, for the definition of failure equivalent graphs.