the present article on the ancient science of medicine, studies on one hand the emergence of this science and on the other hand its development and compilation. the article also researches the development of medicine in islam, muslim medics and islamic universities in which this science has been taught. finally the article discusses the history of medicine after the emergence of islam in iran.

damage of the pathogens is one of the main limitations for cultivating and production of safflower. this study was performed to investigate reaction of safflower genotypes to pythium ultimum during 2009 and 2010 under field conditions. the study was done in two parts, selection and evaluation of parents (part 1; 2009) and evaluation of the progenies (part2; 2010). in the first year, the experim...

Genetic improvement of seed vigour and emergence of yellow-seeded flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is important to have a good stand establishment, since they are negatively affected by yellow seed colour. This study was conducted to investigate genetic variation, broad-sense heritability and expected genetic response to selection for germination, seed vigour and field emergence. Sixteen genotypes...

b-cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase (b-cgtase) hydrolyses starch to produce b-cyclodextrin by transglycosylation (cyclization) activity. the conventional method for detection of b-cgtase activity is based on detecting starch hydrolysis by iodine staining. this method reveals all amylolytic enzymes, but can not discriminate them. in the present study, we introduce a new method for specific detec...

understanding of parameters that influence parasitoids fitness is necessary for mass rearing and effective use of parasitoids. host quality is an intrinsic feature that is determined by quantitative and qualitative differences in hosts. these differences can change nutritional resources available and consequently affect life history traits of parasitoid. in this study, parasitoid wasps lysiphle...

the law of prohibition of unfair competition prohibits any deed or action which is against the normal competition in the market. before emergence of special laws for protection of intellectual property rights, including trademarks, such right could be protected either by tort law claims or law of unfair competition. however, the law of prohibition of unfair competition covers a wider area than ...

at the crop level, the drought stress accounts for most variations in yield. a controlled glasshouse investigation at day/night temperatures of 22/15°c based at perth city, western australia was performed (in 2006) to assess the influence of different soil moisture contents (field capacity percentage basis) on emergence as well as early plant growth in twenty chickpea genotypes. the experiment ...