2. Which statement concerning the rectus extraocular muscle pulleys is correct? a. The rectus pulleys are composed of rings of cartilage. b. The rectus pulleys are rigidly attached to the walls of the orbit. c. Each rectus pulley receives an insertion from the global layer fibers of its rectus extraocular muscle. d. The global layer fibers of the extraocular muscles do not insert on the pulleys...

In this study, efficacy of two hernia mesh implants viz. conventional Prolene and a novel Prolene-Vicryl composite mesh was assessed for experimental ventral hernia repair in dogs. Twelve healthy mongrel dogs were selected and randomly divided into three groups, A, Band C (n=4). In all groups, an experimental laparotomy was performed; thereafter, the posterior rectus sheath and peritoneum were ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze muscle activation during hip flexion in the supine position to examine the activation characteristics of the rectus abdominis and rectus femoris. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 20 healthy adults (10 males and 10 females). [Methods] Muscle activities of the rectus abdominis and rectus femoris while raising the leg from 0°-60° were me...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral lateral rectus muscle advancement surgery based on one-fourth of the angle of consecutive esotropia within 25 prism diopters (PD) occurring after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia. METHODS Medical records of 11 patients who underwent unilateral lateral rectus muscle advancement for consecutive esotropia from ...

Abstract Aim Inferior docking for extended totally extraperitoneal repair (eTEP) is the recommended access of upper midline defects (Belyansky et al. [2018]). However, this can be challenging due to proximity inferior epigastric vessels. The aim was show results an infraumbilical in a robotic eTEP. Material & Methods Video description case report. patient 59-year-old male who underwent urge...

Preparation. The area of bulbar conjunctiva within the circumvallation was later removed en bloc with the 12 x 7 mm. area of sclera over the ciliary body. The bulbar conjunctiva was then incised just peripheral to the diathermy circumvallation and the incision was extended round the limbus to 12 o'clock and 6 o'clock. From each end radiating incisions 8 mm. long were made posteriorly. The conju...

PURPOSE Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate the structural basis of motility abnormalities in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 (CFEOM3), a disorder resulting from missense mutations in TUBB3, which encodes neuron-specific beta-tubulin isotype III. METHODS Ophthalmic examinations in 13 volunteers from four CFEOM3 pedigrees and normal control su...

Anatomical studies demonstrate selective compartmental innervation of most human extraocular muscles (EOMs), suggesting the potential for differential compartmental control. This was supported by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating differential lateral rectus (LR) compartmental contraction during ocular counterrolling, differential medial rectus (MR) compartmental contraction during ...