Abstract Biotechnologies mainly based on precipitation of chemical compounds produced by microbial metabolism can be used as biotreatment or bioformulation construction materials. Bioformulation cement-based materials has been a common research practice, though its application to earthen-based building is still limited. Although earth mortars are vulnerable water damage, they nowadays often pla...

This paper explores how a firm’s openness in its technology sourcing interplays with its simultaneous pursuit of knowledge protection strategies to enhance innovative performance. We argue that organizational knowledge protection mechanisms such as restricting employee mobility, secrecy and knowledge complexity influence the inverted-U relationship between a firm’s external technology sourcing ...

Different crystal phase with a same chemical structure, polymorphous, is a specific physical characteristic which determine the end usage of pigments especially in high performance ones. Diketopyrrolopyrrole DPP derivatives, as one of the innovative in heterocyclic pigments, follow this pattern. Synthesis of pigment red 254 in selected crystal phase using ionic liquids was achieved without any ...