This action research examines the concept of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in a second language acquisition context. The researcher investigated the contributors of WTC in a foreign language classroom setting. Therefore, a multiple assignments method and sequence was applied. Participants of this study were students who matriculated in a United States (U.S.) undergraduate program, studying G...

Fuzziness is an important aspect of the uncertainties of spatial data. In this paper, the mechanism and methods of spatial modeling for fuzzy geographical objects are focused and the following two issues are resolved: (1) Modeling fuzzy geographical objects; (2) Modeling the relation between two fuzzy geographical objects. In the first issue, fuzzy geographical objects are defined by the novel ...

Meaning in everyday communication is conveyed by various signals including spoken utterances and spontaneous hand gestures. The literature has attested that gestures function in synchrony with speech to deliver an integrated message, or a “single thought” [5], [1], exhibit language-specific properties [2] and are subject to formal semantic modeling [3]. One of the challenges in modeling synchro...

Avionics software is safe-critical embedded software and its architecture is evolving from traditional federated architectures to Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) to improve resource usability. ARINC653, as a standard widely employed in the avionics industry, supports partitioning concepts in accordance with the IMA philosophy. Monitoring the health of certain aerospace structures has been sho...

Provenance, or information about the origin or derivation of data, is important for assessing the trustworthiness of data and identifying and correcting mistakes. Most prior implementations of data provenance have involved heavyweight modifications to database systems and little attention has been paid to how the provenance data can be used outside such a system. We present extensions to the Li...

• The outlines of an INTEGRATED LANGUAGE THEORY are drawn, with granmmr, semantics and text-theory as components. Problems of machine retrieva! and machine translation are discussed on the basi~f the outlined theory. At present it is unanimously agreed that no computational linguistics • can be developed without an (before hand constructed) eXact language theory. (The computer handling of such ...

The background of this research is that the management personnel administration at Piksi Ganesha Polytechnic campus still uses conventional methods, considered not optimal, and very prone to viruses data loss. In study, authors used a qualitative method with descriptive approach. contrast, software development was Prototyping Method using Unified Modeling Language (UML) system modeling, which a...

Two-Level Grammar (TLG) is proposed QS an object-oriented requirements specification language with Q natural language (NL) style but suficiently formal to allow automatic transformation of the TLG specification into formal specifications in VDM++, an object-oriented version of the Vienna Development Method. The VDM++ specification may be further transformed into JavaTM code or integrated with t...

The corner stone of a language development environment is an editor. For programming languages, several code editors are readily available to be integrated in Web applications. However, only few editors exist for diagrammatic languages. Eshu is an extensible diagram editor, embeddable in Web applications that require diagram interaction, such as modeling tools or e-learning environments. Eshu i...