Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and is administered in over 150 countries worldwide. Despite its widespread use, the vaccine has a variable protective efficacy of 0-80%, with the lowest efficacy rates in tropical regions where TB is most prevalent. This variability is partially due to ubiquitous environmental mycobacteria (EM) found...

context hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal disorder that requires surgical intervention. hemorrhoids require treatment when they result in symptoms such as bleeding or prolapse. surgical intervention is indicated for significant prolapse, and a number of accepted and viable methods are available for treating prolapsing hemorrhoids that do not reduce spontaneously (grade iii and i...

PURPOSE It is unknown whether the route of administration influences dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. We compared the effect of intradermal versus intranodal administration of a DC vaccine on induction of immunologic responses in melanoma patients and examined whether concomitant administration of interleukin (IL)-2 increases the efficacy of the DC vaccine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HLA-A2....

CONTEXT A recent meta-analysis suggests that the addition of oxaliplatin or cisplatin to gemcitabine can lead to improved survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, especially those with a good performance status. In an event of a platinum hypersensitivity reaction, the particular platinum salt is likely discontinued. Desensitization has shown benefit anecdotically but it is an inten...

BACKGROUND Primary focal axillary hyperhidrosis is a chronic distressing disorder affecting both the sexes. When the condition is refractory to conservative management, we should go for more promising therapies like intradermal botulinum toxin A (BtxA) injections in the axilla, and surgical therapies like subcutaneous curettage of sweat glands. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to ...

OBJECTIVE A prospective study was carried out in the well baby and immunization clinics of tertiary care hospital to compare the immunogenicity of low dose hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) given intradermally versus standard dose given intramuscularly. METHODS One hundred ninety six term, healthy, Australia antigen negative and exclusively breast fed babies were allocated into two groups in a simple...

015. CHEST, VOL. 56, NO. 1, JULY 1969 tions of the problem are well demonstrated by the fact that although by 1937 more than 70 cases of extramammary Paget’s disease had been reported in the world literature, Weiner6 in reviewing most of them would acknowledge only 15 cases which satisfied his criteria for a diagnosis of extramammary Paget’s disease. This author noted that in each of the 15 cas...

PURPOSE Immunization against rabies in humans induces protective neutralizing antibodies; however, the induction of type 1 or type 2 cytokine mediated cellular immune responses following rabies vaccination is not understood. Hence, the present study investigated cellular cytokine responses in vaccinated individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study groups included healthy rabies antigen naive ...

BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by highly motile, helically shaped bacteria that penetrate the skin and mucous membranes through lesions or abrasions, and rapidly disseminate throughout the body. Although the intraperitoneal route of infection is widely used to experimentally inoculate hamsters, this challenge route does not represent a natural route of infection. METHODOLOGY/PR...

In searching for evidence in favor of the etiological significance b. proteus vulgaris x19 typhus and on assumption that patients must be hypersensitive to this microbe, Prof. Friedberger together with Dr. Reis 1919 applied subcutaneous (and also intradermal) administration suspensions killed bacilli prot. x19. expected when certain doses suspension, which were completely indifferent healthy pe...