introduction: water shortage is a crucial challenge that threatens future of landscape development in iran. naturally it intensifies by climate change that will be led to water stress of ecosystems. the water stress have confronted universities campus landscape with serious challenges especially those that located in arid and semi-arid areas such as center of iran. malayer university has had se...

dam reservoirs supply potable, agricultural, and industrial water in most cities of iran. due to lack of proper operational rules or unbalanced demand versus water resources volume, (along operating time) correction in operational rules is required to fulfill current situations. hence the goal of this study is to optimize the qeshlaq dam reservoir operation rules to maximize the water release f...

due to limitation of conventional water resources, the use of unconventional water for agriculture is unavoidable. therefore, in order to investigate the effect of using different amounts of municipal wastewater on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of cotton in drip irrigation systems, a field experiment was carried out during 2010 and 2011 growing season at experimental farm of ...

water shortage crisis is an issue that has led to drastic changes in different agricultural policies, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. uncertainty in the amount of resources, e.g. water, used for agricultural production entails risk for farmers' income and cropping pattern changes. in the present study, the robust optimization model was used for optimal allocation of arable lands of khor...

shortage of fresh water resources is a major worldly concern. accessibility of water forirrigation purposes is also one of the most important concerns in arid and semiaridregions. this is why treated domestic wastewater is thought of as an important watersource. even following treatment, wastewater may contain a great many kinds ofmicroorganisms hazardous to humans and environment. therefore th...