Building on organizational learning theory, we seek to identify the performance effects of security investments that arise from previous failures or external regulatory pressure. This study focuses on the healthcare sector where legislation mandates breach disclosure and detailed data on security investments are available. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, we demonstrate that proactive sec...

Abstract This article analyses the role of national and international intellectual property (IP) law in assessing IP as a protected investment. It offers two approaches for controlling investment arbitration related to rights (IPRs), followed by an examination implications challenges those approaches. Its main argument is that even if dispute arises from (IP investment), it does not necessarily...

As taxation is one of the key public policy domains influencing population health, and as there is a legal, strategic, and programmatic basis for health impact assessment (HIA) in Finland, we analyzed all 235 government bills on tax legislation over the years 2007–2014 to see whether the health impacts of the tax bills had been assessed. We found that health impacts had been assessed for 13 bil...

A potentially important source of green growth in the future is the expansion of the weightless or dematerialised knowledge economy. Along with information and communication technology (ICT) and infrastructure, and the innovation system, human capital is a key pillar of this knowledge economy with its scope for increasing returns. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to investigate h...

Background and Objectives: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a well-established model to alleviate the risk of investment in health domain. While the model is widely applied in the developed countries, the adoption of the model in many developing countries is hampered partly by the lack of knowledge on dimensions and requirements of its local implementation. The present study...

Cap and trade mechanisms enjoy increasing importance in environmental legislation worldwide. The most prominent example is probably given by the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) designed to limit emissions of greenhouse gases, several other countries already have or are planning the introduction of such systems.2 One of the important aspects of designing cap and trade mechanisms ...

Battles for corporate control have increasingly attracted the public spotlight. This attention reflects not only the growth in the number of acquisitions in the 1980s but also the size of the targets. Firms previously thought too large to be takeover targets have been acquired despite active management opposition. Any acquisition, and particularly one involving sizable assets, is likely to resu...

Insects will soon reach one million known species worldwide. Brazil, with about 9% of this total, and possibly another 400 thousand species yet to be discovered, harbors the highest insect diversity in the world. The country has a complement of about 140 active taxonomists, which means a quota of 3,600 insect species per professional. Each Brazilian taxonomist publishes, on average, about 100 s...

International collaborative health research is justifiably expected to help reduce global health inequities. Investment in health policy and systems research in developing countries is essential to this process but, currently, funding for international research is mainly channelled towards the development of new medical interventions. This imbalance is largely due to research legislation and po...

Universalbanks have long played a leading role in Germany, Switzerland, and other Continental European countries. The principal financial institutions in these countries typically are universal banks offering the entire array of banldng services. Continental European banks are engaged in deposit taldng, real estate and other forms of lending, foreign exchange trading, as well as underwriting, s...