nowadays, in the competitive world of economy, the most considerable issues for managers and shareholders are: 1- managers are after productivity growth with optimum use of financial sources and 2- investors require long-term return from their investment. this standpoint and motivation to increase productivity for managers is the direct consequence of the advent of a new generation of investors...

This paper focuses on a nonlinear stochastic model for financial simulation and forecasting based on assumptions of multivariate stochastic correlation, with an application to the European market. We present in particular the key elements of a structured hierarchical econometric model that can be used to forecast financial and commodity markets relying on statistical and simulation methods. The...

T he importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries has begun to spread very rapidly, especially after the transition of command economies countries into open markets. Many countries see attracting FDI as an important element in their strategy for economic growth because FDI is widely regarded as an amalgamation of capital, technology, marketing, and management...

E conomic integration among countries has continued to deepen over the past decade. This is especially visible at the regional level, with the escalation of Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs) ranging from Free Trade Areas (FTAs) to Customs Unions (CUs). Nowadays, many developing countries have entered a new regional integration agreement with developed and developing countries. S...

information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. we measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

This paper compares the effects of exchange rate movements on the risk/return characteristics of direct investment property assets for non-domestic investors with particular emphasis on economic and translation risk. The correspondence between four property markets (US, UK, Canada, and Australia) and the appropriate exchange rates are examined in order to analyse the pattern and temporal stabil...