We combine concepts from random matrix theory and free probability together with ideas from the theory of commutator length in groups and maps from surfaces, and establish new connections between the two. More particularly, we study measures induced by free words on the unitary groups U (n). Every word w in the free group Fr on r generators determines a word map from U (n) to U (n), defined by ...

By manipulating trunk angle in ergometer cycling, we studied the effect of body configuration on muscle recruitment and joint kinematics. Changing trunk angle affects the length of muscles that span the hip joint. It is hypothesized that this affects the recruitment of the muscles directly involved, and as a consequence of affected joint torque distributions, also influences the recruitment of ...

Abstract Studies on stress wave propagation across persistent joints have been conducted extensively. Nevertheless, there exists a consensus that non-persistent are widely and densely distributed, which profound impact in jointed rock masses. A boundary integral equation method is suggested this paper to investigate the characteristics of transmitted field for case single joint. The displacemen...

BACKGROUND Conventional motion analysis studies define the ankle joint center as the midpoint between the most medial and lateral aspects of the malleoli, yet research points toward a more distal joint center location. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an anatomically based correction that would move the conventional ankle joint center to a more accurate location. METHODS ...

BACKGROUND Musculotendinous stiffness provides an estimate of resistance to joint perturbation, thus contributing to joint stability. Females demonstrate lesser hamstring stiffness than males, potentially contributing to the sex discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. However, it is unclear if the sex difference in hamstring stiffness is due to differences in muscle size or to in...

UNLABELLED During submaximal cycling, the neuromuscular system has the freedom to select different intermuscular coordination strategies. From both a basic science and an applied perspective, it is important to understand how the central nervous system adjusts pedaling mechanics in response to changes in pedaling conditions. PURPOSE To determine the effect of changes in pedal speed (a marker ...

Branch predictors and processor front-ends have been the focus of a number of computer architecture studies. Typically they are evaluated separately from other components using trace-driven simulation based on instruction traces. To offer a faithful representation of processor’s workload the traces are very large, and hence difficult to manage if kept in uncompressed form. In order to reduce si...

In this paper, we use a location-based model to predict the performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over a varying wireless channel between a UAV and ground nodes. As a UAV traverses its flight path, the wireless channel may experience periods of significant packet loss, successful packet delivery, and intermittent reception. By capturing packet run-length and gap-length statisti...