Recent studies showed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) in mammalian germ cells play important roles in retrotransposon silencing and gametogenesis. However, subsequent contribution of those small RNAs to early mammalian development remains poorly understood. We investigated the expression profiles of small RNAs in mouse metaphase II oocytes, 8-16-cell stage ...

Abstract. Setiawan AB, Zahidah QA, Kaltsum DN, Purwantoro A. 2023. Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers. Biodiversitas 24: 2596-2604. Cucumber has a narrow base compared to other Cucumis species. The the can be improved by crossing two distantly related cultivars from different ge...

  Objective(s): To investigate the expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) L1 capsid protein, and human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) in cervical cancer and the role of detection of both genes in screening of cervical cancer.   Materials and Methods: A total of 309 patients were recruited and cervical exfoliated cells were collected. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect HPV L1 capsid...

Background: L1 retrotransposons are the most active mobile DNA elements in human genome. Unregulated L1 retrotransposition may have deleterious effect by disrupting vital genes and inducing genomic instabilities. Therefore, human cells control L1 elements by silencing their activities through epigenetic mechanisms. It has been shown that cell division and heavy metals stimulate the frequency of...

Active retrotransposons play important roles during evolution and continue to shape our genomes today, especially in genetic polymorphisms underlying a diverse set of diseases. However, studies of human retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms (RIPs) based on whole-genome deep sequencing at the population level have not been sufficiently undertaken, despite the obvious need for a thorough charac...

The genome of the gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica is notable for its large size ( approximately 3.6 Gb). We characterized nearly 500 families of interspersed repeats from the Monodelphis. They cover approximately 52% of the genome, higher than in any other amniotic lineage studied to date, and may account for the unusually large genome size. In comparison to other mammals, Monod...

The primate order is a monophyletic group thought to have diverged from the Euarchonta more than 65 mya. Recent paleontological and molecular evolution studies place the last common ancestor of primates even earlier (‡ 85 mya). More than 300 extant primate species are recognized today, clearly emphasizing their diversity and success. Our understanding of the evolution of primates and the compos...

Tumorigenesis is a complex process involving genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations. Gestational arsenic exposure has been shown to increase hepatic tumors in adult male offspring of C3H mice, which spontaneously develop hepatic tumors often harboring activating Ha-ras mutation. We explored tumor-promoting changes by gestational arsenic exposure with a focus on Ha-ras mutation and gene ...

The retinal degeneration 7 (rd7) mouse is a naturally occurring model of enhanced S-cone syndrome, Goldman-Favre syndrome and clumped pigmentary retinopathy in humans, allelic disorders caused by inactivation of a photoreceptor-specific nuclear hormone receptor, NR2E3. We show here that the rd7 mutation arose from the antisense insertion of a long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1) (or L1) i...

Maize exhibits a high degree of intraspecific variation in genome structure, most of which is due to intergenic retrotransposon polymorphsisms among unrelated varieties. For example, a comparison of eight haplotypes of the bronze1 (bz1) locus, which contains numerous retrotransposons, showed that sequence similarity between any two haplotypes ranged from 25 to 84% (Wang and Dooner, 2006). In th...