The unequal electronic occupation of localized orbitals (orbital polarization), and associated lowering symmetry degeneracy, play an important role in the properties transition metal oxides. Here, we examine systematically underlying origin orbital polarization, taking as exemplar 3$d$ manifold Co$^{2+}$ a variety spin, structural phases double perovskite La$_2$CoTiO$_6$ (001) superlattice (LaC...

Exploring the transport properties of different materials brings new avenue for basic understanding emergent phenomena and practical applications in many fields. Here, we report a program named as TRACK (TRAnsport Correlated using Kubo formalism) which is written Python 3 calculating temperature dependent electrical conductivity, electronic part thermal Seebeck coefficient Lorenz number. In thi...

We present X-ray photoelectron, Co $${{L}_{{2,3}}}$$ and O K absorption, as well $$K{{\beta }_{{1,3}}}$$ emission spectroscopy results of studies the spin states trivalent cobalt ions in single-crystal cobaltite LaCoO 3 . show that at room temperature, bulk a single crystal, 3+ are low-spin state, while high-spin 2+ , probably also intermediate-spin located on surface.