Service and product innovation have been emphasized as being essential to the success of ICT firms in numerous studies. Being ongoing processes, R&D activities make it challenging forecast benefits a business. Does company obtain immediate returns on its research development expenditures? How long will their effectiveness remain? During strategy, business managers must take all these factor...

The short-term association of particulate air pollution with peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and respiratory symptoms was examined. Forty-nine children with chronic respiratory symptoms aged 8-13 yrs were followed daily for six weeks in spring, 1995, in Kuopio, Finland. Daily concentrations of particulate material with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm and < or = 2.5 microm (P...

This paper examines the intertemporal pricing behavior between the largest futures markets within the Pacific region with those in the UK and US. Both mean return and volatility transmissions between these markets are analyzed to understand the channels by which the international pricing mechanism functions. Results obtained from using a mixture of intraday and overnight returns show a preponde...

The consequences of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on countries’ welfare are disputed. In this paper, we assess these effects using stock returns from a recent data set that spans over two hundred RTA announcements, eighty economies, and twenty years. We measure the effects of news concerning RTAs on the returns of national stock markets, after adjusting these returns for international stock ...

one of the latest approaches for analyzing the coupled time series is mf-dxa. this technique has been used in many disciplines such as finance. in this paper, we have analyzed tehran stock exchange indexes by mf-dxa and have found a scaling behavior between the industrial, financial and price indexes. by surrogating, we could see that the effects of low probability events in industrial and fina...

Stock returns over the two years surrounding 24 currency devaluations are examined. Using bootstrapped distributions, returns preceding the devaluation are shown to be significantly below normal, in both dollar and local currency terms. Most of the downturn, however, occurs well before the month of the devaluation. Returns following a devaluation are more normal. While industry and company spec...

In this paper, we revisit price and volatility transmission among natural gas, fertilizer, corn markets; an important issue was explored in previous work. An update of the results is urgently needed due to recent enormous commodities, energy markets. We followed same methodology as work used vector error correction model multivariate generalized autoregressive heteroskedasticity model, but adop...

Using a Mincer-type wage function, we estimate cohort effects in the returns to education for West German workers born between 1925 and 1974. The main problem to be tackled in the specification is to separately identify cohort, experience, and possibly also age effects in the returns. For women, we find a large and robust decline in schooling premia: in the private sector, the returns to a furt...