نتایج جستجو برای: layer lower
تعداد نتایج: 953558 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This paper investigates the role of middleware in the various pervasive computing scenarios. Middleware can be used provide an important transparency or abstraction layer between applications and lower layers that actually implemention layer between applications and lower layers that actually implement the requested services. Middleware services include messaging, RCP, synchronization and unive...
Lower/physical layer characteristics have been considered as potential alternatives/complements to provide security services in wireless networks. This article provides an overview about various non-cryptographic mechanisms for user authentication and device identification in wireless networks using lower/physical layer properties or information. We discuss merits and demerits of these authenti...
The finite-element method (FEM) (Comsol RF Module) has been employed for modal analyses of porous silicon (PSi) waveguides composed of a guiding layer of low porosity (high refractive index) on a cladding layer with higher porosity (lower refractive index). These can be made by switching the current density from a lower to a higher value during the electrochemical etching process. The applicabi...
Excessive consumption of red meat is associated with various diseases including coronary heart diseases and cancer. Lower health-related problems of chicken meat, consumption of chicken meat, and mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) have been increased due to their cheaper prices. Thereby, chemical, microbial, and physical causes of chicken meat losses and the safety aspects are needed to b...
Channel routing is a key problem in the physical design of VLSI chips. It is known that ma4dmz, urn,,) is a lower bound on the number of tmcka requared in the reserved two-layer Manhattan routine model. where d,,,,, is the channel density and vi, is the length oftKe longest path in the vertical constraint omvh. In this paver we vropose a polynomial time algorithm that ‘wmput’es a better and non...
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