sepahan is a new bread wheat cultivar derived from progenies of a cross made between azadi cultivar and some high yielding and resistant to rust advanced lines. all selections were made in kelardasht and iranshahr stations and early evaluations in karaj. it was also studied in regional uniform yield trials in moderate stations including kaboutar abad. results revealed that this line is more tol...

background: the radioactivity levels in sediment and rock samples of i̇kizdere and kaptanpaşa valley have been determined. to our knowledge, there seems to be no information about radioactivity level in the i̇kizdere and kaptanpaşa valley sediments and rocks so far. materials and methods: the average radium equivalent activity (raeq), the total absorbed dose rate (d), the external risk index (hex...

1. The population dynamic and evolutionary effects of harvesting are receiving growing attention among biologists. Cause-specific estimates of mortality are necessary to determine and compare the magnitude and selectivity of hunting and other types of mortalities. In addition to the logistic and financial constraints on longitudinal studies, they are complicated by the fact that nonhunting mort...

the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is an important insect pest of corn, zea mays l., crop in moghan region. in field experiments, the density of eggs and larvae of o.nubilalis and percentage of eggs and larvae parasitisms were studied on four corn hybrids ns704 (commercial cultivar), ns770, ns640 and mv524 (cultivars with high yield). furthermore, in this study, the predators...

We study antitrust enforcement that channels price-fixing incentives through setting fines and allocating resources to detection activities. Antitrust fines obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. Bankruptcy considerations limit maximum fines, ensure abnormal cartel profits and impose a challenge for optimal an...

Formulating hypotheses about natural phenomena and testing them against empirical data have long been cornerstones of the natural sciences. As a cognitive framework, hypothesis formation and testing also play important roles in mathematical discovery and in legal reasoning, especially as illustrated in oral arguments before the United States Supreme Court. A hypothesis is a tentative assumption...

Expert reasoning combines voluminous domain-specific knowledge with mare general factual and strategic knowledge. Whereas expert system builders have recognized the need for specificity and problem-solving researchers the need far generality, few attempts have been made to develop expert reasoning engines combining different kinds of knowledge at different levels of generality. This paper repor...

Article history: Received 15 January 2014 Received in revised form 26 May 2014 Accepted 11 October 2014 Available online 7 November 2014 Patent classification systems and citation networks are used extensively in innovation studies. However, non-unique mapping of classification codes onto specific products/markets and the difficulties in accurately capturing knowledge flows based just on citati...