The flowing liquid surface retention experiment (FLIRE) has been designed to provide fundamental data on the retention and pumping of He, H and other species in flowing liquid surfaces. The FLIRE concept uses an ion source with current densities near 0.5 mA/cm and a working distance of 30 /40 mm. The ion source injects 300 /5000 eV ions into a flowing stream of liquid lithium at nearly normal i...

When a binary liquid is confined by a strongly repulsive wall, the local density is depleted near the wall and an interface similar to that between the liquid and its vapor is formed. This analogy suggests that the composition of the binary liquid near this interface should exhibit spatial modulation similar to that near a liquid-vapor interface even if the interactions of the wall with the two...

We report results from molecular dynamics simulations of the freezing and melting, at ambient temperature (T5300 K), of a bilayer of liquid water induced by either changing the distance between two confining parallel walls at constant lateral pressure or by lateral compression at constant plate separation. Both transitions are found to be first order. The system studied consisted of 1200 water ...

A squaraine dye incorporating two carboxylic acid attaching groups has been synthesised and used successfully in both liquid and solid-state solar cells, with solar energy to electricity conversion efficiencies (eta) under AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW cm(-2)) of 3.7 and 1.5% and short-circuit current densities (J(sc)s) of 8.6 and 4.2 mA cm(-2), with open-circuit voltages (V(oc)) of 591 and 681 ...

We study a three-dimensional system of self-propelled Lennard-Jones particles using Brownian dynamics simulations. Using recent theoretical results for active matter, we calculate the pressure and report equations of state for the system. Additionally, we chart the vapour-liquid coexistence and show that the coexistence densities can be well described using simple power laws. Lastly, we demonst...

Kinetic and potential energies of systems of (4)He atoms in the solid phase are computed at T = 0. Results at two densities of the liquid phase are presented as well. Calculations are performed by the multiweight extension to the diffusion Monte Carlo method that allows the application of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem in a robust and efficient way. This is a general method that can be applied in...

Using Brownian dynamics computer simulations, we show that a two-dimensional suspension of self-propelled ("active") colloidal particles crystallizes at sufficiently high densities. Compared to the equilibrium freezing of passive particles, the freezing density is both significantly shifted and depends on the structural or dynamical criterion employed. In nonequilibrium the transition is accomp...

A new experiment has been performed to study the formation of topological defects (quantized vortices) during rapid quenches of liquid 4He through the superfluid transition, with particular care taken to minimize vortex creation via conventional hydrodynamic flow processes. It is found that the generated vortices, if any, are being produced at densities at least 2 orders of magnitude less than ...

Isospin properties of fragments measured in multifragmentation of Xe and Xe projectiles in mid-peripheral collisions with a lead target at 1 A GeV were studied within the statistical approach describing the liquid-gas nuclear phase transition. By analyzing the isoscaling phenomenon and the mean N-over-Z ratio of the fragments with Z=10-13 we have concluded that the symmetry energy of hot fragme...

Constant temperature and pressure molecular-dynamics simulations in conjunction with constant pressure and enthalpy simulations, designed to examine the threshold behavior in laser ablation, demonstrate that the rate of homogeneous nucleation (explosive boiling) increases sharply in a very narrow temperature range at approximately 90% of the critical temperature. Moreover, the homogeneous nucle...