liquid paraffin has been suggested as a good laxative comparing to lactulose as a treatment option in pediatric constipation. this study was performed to compare liquid paraffin with lactulose in pediatric constipation. a total of 247 patients (127 males and 120 females) aged 2-12 years (mean 4.1 ± 2.7 years) with chronic functional constipation were included in an 8 week, randomized, controlle...

Abstract The nucleolus is a membrane-less organelle sequestered from the nucleus by liquid droplet formation through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). It plays important roles in cell homoeostasis its internal thermodynamic changes. Reversible nucleolar transitions between coalescence and dispersion are dependent on concentrations, conformations interactions of molecular droplet-forming co...

In this study, we report the assembly of amphiphilic polymeric micelles at the liquid/air interface to prepare liquid marbles for the first time. The polymeric micelles were synthesized from the self-assembly of a fluoropolymer, poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid-co-2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate), in a selective solvent. The particle size, morphology and chemical composition of the micelle...

1 2 A detailed model was formulated to describe the non-passive transport of water-soluble 3 chemicals in the unsaturated zone and used to illustrate one-dimensional infiltration and 4 redistribution of alcohol-water mixtures. The model includes the dependence of density, 5 viscosity, surface tension, molecular diffusion coefficient in the liquid phase, and gas-liquid 6 partition coefficient on...

We carry out an analysis of the stability of a liquid jet into a gas or another liquid using viscous potential flow. The instability may be driven by Kelvin–Helmholtz KH instability due to a velocity difference and a neckdown due to capillary instability. Viscous potential flow is the potential flow solution of Navier–Stokes equations; the viscosity enters at the interface. KH instability is in...

The contrast ratios of reflective bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays with a rear quarter-wave film are optimized by means of a parameter space approach. By plotting the contrast ratio as a function of the twist angle and thickness-birefringence product (dDn) of the display, the regions where the displays show the best contrast ratio are clearly shown. Both the absolute reflectance...

In the present work we deal with the scattering dispersion and attenuation of elastic waves in different types of nonhomogeneous media. The iterative effective medium approximation based on a single scattering consideration, for the estimation of wave dispersion and attenuation, proposed in Tsinopoulos et al., [Adv. Compos. Lett. 9, 193-200 (2000)] is examined herein not only for solid componen...

Equilibrium Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in the canonical ensemble to investigate the structural properties of liquid water and ice Ih (hexagonal ice) at 298 and 273 K, respectively, using a state-of-the-art non-local correlation functional, whilst size effects have been examined explicitly in the case of liquid water. This has led to improved agreement wi...

Mercury metal dispersed spontaneously into the aqueous solution as micro-droplets when it came in quiescent contact with the solution. The self-dispersion was observed by means of the dynamic light scattering method, thermogravimetry and voltammetry. The mercury microdroplets generated in water had ca. 0.3 m in diameter. The diameter and the concentration of the droplets were stable. The conce...